REVISED      EDITION. 


ANALYSIS 


T  H  E 


•.'ILISH- LANGUAGE;  i 


VTIC  DEFINITIONS  0? 


I)  E  R I  V  A  T  I  V  E    WOE  its 


BY    PREFIXES    AKD    SUFF1XFS. 


j|  3Y*  SALEM  TOWN,  I.  L,  D. 

JC-NRLF 


O  R;N     &    CARTER, 
1  &  ri  ft 


IvIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Mrs.  SARAH  P.  WALSWORTH. 

Received  October,  1894. 
Accessions  No.  ff73>7 I    •      Class  No. 


I  \ 


AN 


ANALYSIS 


OF 


DERIVATIVE    WORDS 


IN   THE 


ENGLISH.  LANGUAGE, 

OR 

A  KEY  TO  THEIR  PRECISE  ANALYTIC  DEFINITIONS, 
BY  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES  : 

BY  SALEM  TOWN,  L.  L.  D. 

CAREFULLY     REVISED,    AND     ADAPTED     TO    HCHOOLS 
OF     ALJU    GRADES, 


PORTLAND: 

SANBORN  &  CARTER. 

1850. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1850,  by 

SALEM  TOWN, 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Maine. 


.- 


PREFACE. 

THE  first  edition  of  this  work  was  the  first  effort  of  the  Author,  and 
it  is  believed  to  be  the  first  attempt  to  present  the  component  parts  of 
English  derivative  words,  in  their  distinctive  character,  and  exhibit 
their  combination  in  any  thing  like  SYSTEM.  The  practicability  of  the 
work  had  been  under  consideration,  and  the  materials  principally 
collected,  many  years  before  the  plan  was  fully  carried  out.  The  first 
edition  was  at  length  presented,  and  has  fairly  SETTLED  the  question 
as  to  the  importance  of  the  plan  proposed,  and  the  course  to  be  pursued 
in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  derivative  words. 

This  revised  edition  is  now  submitted  to  the  public,  with  what  are 
believed  to  be  valuable  improvements.  The  work  has  now  been  in  use 
in  its  printed  form  fifteen  years  ;  and  during  that  period,  experience 
has  suggested  the  improvements  carried  out  in  this  revision.  The 
most  important  of  these,  consists  in  a  simplification,  better  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  children.  *  To  accomplish  this  object,  it  became 
necessary  to  re-write  and  re-arrange  the  whole.  The  same  words, 
however,  are  retained  in  the  body  of  the  work  which  are  found  in  the 
former  editions. 

The  examples  accompanying  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  are  so 
multiplied  as  to  give  a  more  enlarged  comprehension  of  the  manner  of 
defining. 

The  characters  showing  derivative  combinations  are  mostly  changed, 
and,  it  is  thought,  much  for  the  better. 

The  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  their  significant  characters,  are  so 
arranged  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  mistakes  in  derivative  forma- 
tions, unless  by  inexcusable  carelessness  on  the  part  of  pupils,  or 
inattention  to  the  rules  and  directions  given. 

Nothing  can  give  such  force  to  the  significant  import  of  words  as  their 
analysis  ;  and  nothing  can  relieve  the  memory  from  so  great  a  task  in 

*The  author  acknowledges  some  valuable  suggestions  from  Spencer  Smith,  Esq., 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  Prof.  Kenyon,  of  western  New  York. 


acquiring  a  knowledge  of  language,  as  familiarity  with  those  component 
parts  which  are  common  to  so  many  thousand  words,  and  at  the  same 
time  characterize  their  analytic  signification. 

It  is  a  development  of  this  principle,  with  its  systematic  application, 
which  has  given  such  celebrity  to  this  little  volume.  Ihe  Author  feels 
grateful  for  the  liberal  patronage  the  work  has  hitherto  received,  and 
the  numerous  commendations  of  its  practical  utility  from  gentlemen  of 
the  highest  literary  attainments.  The  fact  is  well  known  to  classical 
scholars,  that  the  primitive  words  in  our  language  are  comparatively 
FEW,  and  of  the  simplest  order,  such  as  almost  every  child  often  years 
old  knows.  It  is  when  these  simple  words  grow  up  into  their  derivative, 
compound  and  romplex  forms,  that  the  child  loses  sight  of  their  import, 
and  simply,  because  he  is  ignorant  of  their  component  parts. 

The  principles  on  which  this  work  is  executed,  are  interwoven  with, 
and  fundamental  to,  a  critical  knowledge  of  every  language.  The 
embodying  of  them  is,  therefore,  only  collecting  such  component  parts 
of  words  as  have  for  ages  governed  language,  showing  how  they  have 
ever  been  applied,  and  then  taking  advantage  of  this  knowledge  to 
confer  some  of  the  important  benefits,  which  the  classical  student  now 
receives  almost  exclusively,  on  our  common  English  scholars.  It  is  the 
undivided  opinion  of  the  most  competent  judges  that  an  English 
scholar,  thoroughly  versed  in  this  system,  will,  so  far  as  language  is 
concerned,  secure  to  himself  many  important  advantages^  which  the 
classical  scholar  alone  has  heretofore  enjoyed. 

Experiment  has  satisfactorily  settled  one  important  point,  that  children 
undrr  this  discipline,  can  actually  acquire  more  knowledge  of  the 
English  language  in  one  winter's  school  of  four  months,  than  was  ever 
acquired  in  the  ordinary  way  by  scholars  of  the  same  age,  in  four  times 
that  number  of  months,  if  not  in  their  whole  life.  Let  teachers,  there- 
fore, make  thorough  work  in  the  application  of  the  principles  of  this 
book,  and  they  will  shortly  see  their  pupils  becoming  thoroughly  versed 
in  the  knowledge  of  language.  Teachers  should  frequently  exercise 
small  children  in  the  synopsis  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes. 

It  is  now  sent  out  with  an  arrangement  so  simplified  as  to  render  it 
doubly  beneficial,  especially  to  younger  classes  of  pupils,  and  at  the  same 
time  not  less  interesting  and  valuable  to  those  of  all  ages,  who  desire  a 
more  critical  knowledge  of  the  analysis  of  words  of  which  our  language 
is  composed. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ANALYSIS. 

The  Author  of  the  Analysis,  has  in  so  many  instances  been  asked  by 
literary  gentlemen,  what  first  led  him  to  examine  English  words  by 
prefixes  and  suffixes,  and  make  a  general  application  of  the  abstract 
signification  of  those  component  parts  for  defining,  that  he  considers  a 
brief  statement  of  the  facts  not  inappropriate. 

As  Principal  of  Granville  Academy,  he  had  taught  the  classics  in  the 
usual  mode  from  1807  till  1^22;  and  having  witnessed  the  difficulties 
with  which  scholars  meet  in  the  commencement  of  those  studies,  in 
tracing  Latin  and  Greek  derivatives  to  the  radical  word,  he  was 
induced  to  believe  some  method  could  be  devised  for  their  benefit. 

A  careful  analysis,  therefore,  of  every  compound  and  derivative 
word,  occurring  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  lessons,  was  commenced  and 
continued  in  the  recitations  of  those  classes,  by  means  of  which  the 
students  soon  became  able  to  distinguish  the  component  parts  of  such 
words,  and  thereby  find  the  root.  This  method  was  attended  with  a 
good  degree  of  success,  and  found  greatly  to  facilitate  scholars  in  the 
acquisition  of  those  languages.  Soon,  however,  it  occurred  to  the 
Author,  that  the  same  course  might,  perhaps,  be  pursued  in  gaining  a 
more  accurate  knowledge  of  English  derivatives. 

This  suggestion  led  to  an  investigation  of  the  subject,  and  finally 
resulted  in  the  effort  of  collecting  and  defining  what  are  termed  prefixes 
and  suffixes^  as  the  modifiers  of  the  significant  import  of  radical  words. 

The  work  of  collecting  materials  for  a  book  was  pursued  at  intervals, 
between  1822 — 4.  The  prefixes,  being  in  the  main  Greek,  Latin  and 
Saxon  prepositions,  were  not  difficult  to  classify  and  define;  but  many 
of  the  suffixes  required  much  labor  as  well  as  patient  examination  to 
arrive  at  a  common  definition  which  might  render  them  common, 
definers. 

This  was  finally  accomplished  by  collating  words  of  the  same  termi- 
nations, frequently  amounting  to  some  hundreds  in  each  of  t*he  more 
difficult  classes,  and  then  searching  for  such  defining  expression  or 
phrase,  as  might  be  applied  to  all  words  having  a  similar  termination, 
and  being  a  regular  suffix. 

No  treatise  on  this  subject  was  then  known  to  the  Author,  nor  had 
the  learned  professors  in  our  Colleges,  several  of  whom  were  consulted, 
any  knowledge  of  such  a  work  in  the  language ;  and  he  had  nothing  on 


whbh  to  rely,  so  far  as  the  suffixes  wefe  concerned,  but  his  owtt 
investigations. 

These  facts  are  here  stated  merely  to  show  when  and  how  the  work 
was  commenced,  carried  forward,  tested,  and  finally  brought  to  its 
present  state. 

Most  of  the  original  papers  are  still  in  existence,  with  the  prefixes  and 
suffixes  arranged  and  defined,  as  they  now  stand  in  the  first  edition* 
Moreover,  there  are  a  large  number  of  individuals,  some  of  whom  are 
now  gray-headed  men,  who  learned  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  the 
mode  of  defining,  from  the  word  Press,  copied  from  the  original 
manuscript,  and  pasted  on  the  walls  in  the  recitation  rooms  of  the 
Academy  j  as  early  as  1825,  with  a  view  of  testing  this  mode  of  defining; 

In  1827,  the  principles  and  application  of  the  entire  system  were 
made  a  regular  study  in  Powelton  Academy,  Georgia,  over  which  the 
Author  then  presided.  In  1831,  the  whole  plan,  with  specimens  of  its 
parts,  were  communicated  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Davis,  former  President  of* 
Hamilton  College,  who  caused  the  same  to  be  read  before  a  State 
Convention  of  Teachers,  then  assembled  at  Utica. 

The  Author  had  neither  seen  nor  heard  of  any  publication  whatever^ 
involving  the  essential  principles  of  his  plan  ;  nor  at  the  present  time, 
does  he  know  of  any  work  approximating  it,  of  an  earlier  date  than 
"  Butler's  Etymological  Spelling  Book,"  published  in  London  in  1829, 
from  which  the  "  Scholar's  Companion"  was  compiled,  and  published 
in  Philadelphia,  in  1835* 


SECTION  1. 

Explanation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words. 

PRIMITIVE  words  are  such  as  can  be  reduced  to  no  fewer 
letters  than  what  are  then  expressed.  Man,  Fame,  House, 
Sense,  are  primitive  words,  because  they  can  be  reduced  to 
no  fewer  letters,  and  convey  a  distinct  idea  of  each  thing 
specified. 

But  Manly,  Defamation,  Insensibility  and  Houseless,  are 
derivative  words,  because  they  can  be  stripped  of  all  their 
letters  above  Man,  Fame,  Sense  and  House,  and  still  leave 
a  significant  word. 

A  compound  word  is  composed  of  two  or  more  distinct 
words,  as  Sugar-maple,  over-load,  Common-place-book. 

In  this  work,  all  such  words  of  Latin  origin,  as  Abdicate, 
Convene,  Adhere,  &c.,  so  far  as  our  language  is  concerned, 
will  be  taken  as  primitives.  Yet  the  classical  scholar  will 
perceive  they  are  not  such  in  the  language  whence  they  are 
derived.  Some  other  words  also  will  be  inserted  which  are 
not  primitives. 

Those  parts  which  are  added  to  a  primitive  word,  we 
shall  call  prefixes  and  suffixes ;  and  as  the  primitive  has  at 
least  one  appropriate  meaning,  all  the  varieties  of  significa- 
tion which  arise  from  additions  in  any  way  made  to  such 
primitive,  must  depend  exclusively  on  those  parts  added. 
Hence,  when  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  in  the  language 
are  known,  nothing  remains  but  to  acquire  the  meaning  of 
the  primitives  to  understand  the  whole  language,  so  far  as 
those  component  parts  are  concerned  in  modifying  the 
import  of  words. 


8  ANALYSIS    OF    THfi 

SECTION  II. 

Caution. 

IN  applying  the  following  rules  in  this  book,  it  must  be 
remembered,  their  application  is  confined  exclusively  to 
derivative  words.  When  any  of  those  combinations  of 
letters  called  prefixes  and  suffixes,  constitute  an  essential 
part  of  a  primitive  word,  they  are  in  such  cases  neither 
prefixes  nor  suffixes,  and  do  not  come  under  the  rules  of 
Analysis  nor  Definition.  Such  as  'ess,'  in  Bless,  'ate,'  in 
Climate,  '  ish,'  in  Lavish,  '  ment,'  in  Torment,  &c.,  'em,' 
in  Embers,  '  bi,'  in  Bias,  '  un,'  in  Under,  together  with 
all  such  primitive  words  as  contain  a  similar  combination  of 
letters  as  any  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes.  To  such,  the 
rules  do  not  apply. 


The    following    explanations    ought    to    be    thoroughly 
understood,  both  by  teachers  and  pupils  : 

1.  When  the  analysis  of  the  word  requires  it,  the  entire 
prefix,  whether  consisting  of  one   letter,  or  one   or  more 
syllables,   is  separated   from  the  root  by  a  comma ;    thus, 
Dis, please  ;  II, legal ;  A, vert;  Circum,vent. 

2.  In  many   instances,  by  dividing   the    word   into  its 
proper  syllables,  the  first  letter  of  the  root  must  be  joined  to 
the  prefix,  in   order  to  complete  a  syllable,   and  lead   to  a 
correct   accentuation    of   the    word.      In   such    cases    the 
common  character  of  accentuation  marks  the  letter ;  thus, 
in   Bene,volent,  Geo,graphy,  Dia, meter,  bene,  geo  and  dia 
are  prefixes  ;  volent,  graphy  and  meter,  are  roofs.     To  speif 
those  words  by  syllables,  the  first  letter  of  each  root  must 
be  joined  to  its  prefix,  and  accented,  thus.;    Be-nev'olent, 
Ge-og'-ra-phy,  Di-am'-e-ter ;  usually  completing  the  syllable 
with  the  very  letter  on  which  the  accent  must  fall. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  11 

3.  In  all  similar  cases,  when  one  Ot^  apt  to. 
root  must  combine  with  the  prefix  to  foh.  ar,  to. 
to  show  the  accent,  it  will   be    found    with  ^<mo,  to  take, 
accent  over  such  letter,  thus  ;    Bene,v'olent,  Geo,t, 
Diameter.  -  ^ 

NOTE.  Teachers  are  specially  requested  to  confine  their 
pupils  to  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  till  these  component  parts 
are  learned  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  When  this 
point  is  gained,  the  WHOLE  WORK  is  virtually  mastered. 

Supposing  it  even  take  scholars  three  months,  as  pursued 
in  connection  with-  their  other  studies,  they  would  then  have 
acquired  the  ability  of  comprehending  the  import  of  more 
words  in  the  language,  than  could  be  gained  from  studying 
and  reciting  from  a  dictionary  for  at  least  two  years. 


SECTION  III. 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes. 

A  PREFIX  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word,  added  to  the 
beginning  of  some  other  word,  to  vary  or  modify  its 
primitive  signification. 

Theist,  implies  a  person  who  believes  in  the  existence  of 
a  God.  Now  prefix  a,  and  it  becomes  Atheist,  implying 
one  who  does  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Again.  Possible,  means  that  which  can  be  done.  Now 
prefix  im,  and  it  becomes  ^possible,  implying  what  cannot 
be  done. 

Some  entire  words  are  occasionally  used  as  prefixes. 

The  following  are  the  principal  prefixes  in  our  language, 
influencing  the  meaning  of  words. 

The   analytic  definition  of  the  root,  with  its  prefix,  is 


10  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

commonly  given  in  such  examples  as  would  seem  to  be  of 
material  benefit  to  English  scholars. 

A,^  ab,  abs;  denote  from,  away  from,  separation. 

EXAMPLES. 

A,vert,  to  turn  from.     Derived  from  Verto,  to  turn,  and 

a,  from. 

Ab,solve,  to  loose  or  free  from..    Solvo,  to  loose,  ab,  from. 
Ab,duce,  to  lead  from.    Duco,  to  lead,  ab,  from. 
Ab,scind,  to  rend  off,  or  from.    Scindo,  to  rend,  ab,  from. 
Abstract,  to  draw  from.     Trako,  to  draw,  abs,  from. 
Abstain,  to  hold/n>m.     Teneo,  to  hold,  abs,  from. 
Abs,cond,  to  conceal  from.     Condo,  to  conceal,  abs,  from.f 
AD,t  implies  to,  toward,  closeness,  or  union. 
Ac,  af,  ag,  al,  an,  ap,  ar,  as,  at,  imply  the  same  as  ad. 
Adjoin,  to  join  to.     Derived  from  Jungo,  to  join,  and 

ad,  to. 

Ac, cede,  to  yield  to.    Cedo,  to  yield,  ac,  to. 
Af,fix,  to  fix  to.    Figo,  to  fix,  af,  to. 
Ag,grieve,  to  give  pain  or  sorrow  to. 
Al,lude,  to  refer  to.    Jjudo,  to  play,  al,  to. 
An,nex,  to  tie  or  link  to.    Necto,  to  link,  an,  to. 

*  A,  serves  as  a  prefix  to  many  English  words,  having  a  signification 
nearly  equivalent  to  in,  on,  at ;  as  afoot,  on  foot  ;  abed,  in  bed;  afar, 
at  a  distance,  &c. 

f  The  defining  phraseology  need  not  be  restricted  to  the  word  from, 
but  may  vary  in  any  manner  which  implies  separation,  or  taking 
away ;  as  abbreviate,  to  shorten*  or  abridge  ;  abrasion,  the  act  of 
wearing  or  rubbing  off,  &c. 

JO,  is  changed  for  c,  f,  g,  1,  n,  p,  r,  s,  or  t,  before  a  corresponding 
letter,  for  the  sake  of  euphony  and  ease  of  utterance.  Instead  of  saying 
adcede,  adjix,  we  say  accede,  affix,  &c* 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  11 

Ap,pend,  to  hang  to.    Pendeo,  to  hang,  ap,  to. 

Abrogate,  to  lay  claim  to.    Rogo,  to  ask,  ar,  to. 

As,sume,  to  take  to,  or  upon  one's  self.    Sumo,  to  take, 
as,  to. 

At,tend,  to  give  the  mind  to.    Tendo,  to  stretch,  at,  to.* 
AMBI,  (from  ambo.)     Implies  both. 

Ambi,dexter,  using  both  hands  equally  well. 

AMB,  AMPHI  —  imply,  around,  or  two. 

Am'b,ient,  surrounding.    Derived  from  Am  and  iens. 

Amb,ig'uous,  having  two  meanings  ;  doubtful. 

Amphitheater,  a  circular  building. 

Amphibious,  able  to  live  in  two  elements. 
ANTE — denotes   before,  (in  time,  place  or  rank.) 

Ante, date,  to  date  before  the  true  time. 

Antecedent,  going  before  ;  (in  time.) 

Ante,diluvian,  one  who  lived  before  the  flood. 

Ante,chamber,  the  front  or  first  chamber. 

Ante, nuptial,  before  marriage. 

Ante,past,  a  foretaste. 
ANT,  ANTI — imply  opposite,  opposed  or  against. 

Anti, Christ,  the  great  opposer  of  Christ. 

Anti,pode,  one  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  globe. 

Anti,dotal,  good  against  the  effects  of  poison. 

Anti,p'athy,  opposition  in  feelings  ;  dislike. 

Anti,th'esis,  contrast ;  opposition  of  words. 

Antarctic,  a  circle  opposite  to  the  arctic  circle. 
BENE — implies  good  or  well. 

Bene,factor,  a  doer  of  good. 

*  The  defining  phrase  need  not  include  the  word  to,  if  couched  in 
such  language  as  implies  addition,  corresponding  with  the  sense  of  the 
word  to  be  defined  ;  as  applaud,  to  praise,  which  is  the  same  as,  to 
give  praise  to. 


12  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Benevolent,  having  a  disposition  to  do  good.    Derived 
from  VolenSj  wishing,  and  bene,  good. 

Bene,fit,  an  act  of  kindness  ;  good  done. 

Bene,diction,  a  blessing ;  speaking  good  words. 
BI,  BIS — denote  two. 

Bi,sect,  to  cut  into  two  parts.    Sectus,  cut. 

Bi,ennia],  happening  once  in  two  years. 

Bi,g'amy,  having  two  husbands  or  wives  at  a  time. 

Bi,form,  having  two  forms. 

Bi,ped,  a  bird  or  animal  having  two  feet. 

Bis,cuit,  cake  hard  baked.    Derived  from  bis,  twice,  and 

cult,  baked. 
cis — implies  on  this  side. 

Cis,alpine,  on  this  side  the  Alps.     (As  from  Rome.) 

Cis,padane,  on  this  side  the  Po.     (A  river  in  Italy.) 
CENTU,  CENTI,  CENT — imply  a  hundred. 

Centu,plicate,  to  make  a  hundred  fold.     From   Plico,  to 
fold. 

Centennial,  occurring  once  in  a  hundred  years. 

Centi,folious,  having  a  hundred  leaves. 

Centi,ped,  applied  to  insects  having  many  feet. 
CONTRA,  CONTRO,  COUNTER — imply  opposition  to,  or  against. 

Contra,dict,  to  oppose  by  words.    Dico,  to  speak,  contra, 
against. 

Contraposition,  a  placing  over  against.     Pono,  to  place, 
contra,  against. 

Controversy,  opposition  by  words — a  dispute.    Versus,  a 
turning,  contro,  against. 

Counter,attraction,  opposite  attraction.     Traho,  to  draw, 
counter,  opposite  to. 

Counteract,  to  act  in  opposition  to ;  to  impede. 

Counterbalance,  to  weigh  against  with  equal  weight. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  13 

— implies  with,  joined  with,  or  together. 
co,  COG,  COM,  COL,  COR,  have  the  same  import  as  con. 

Co,hesion,  the  act  of  sticking  together.    Hereo,  to  stick, 
co,  together. 

Co,operate,  to  act,  or  operate  jointly  with  another. 

Cog,nate,  allied  by  blood ;  related.     Natus,  born. 

Col,lect,  to  bring  together  into  one  body,  or  place. 

Col,late,  to  lay  together,  and  compare. 

Col,lapse,  to  fall  together,  as  the  two  sides  of  a  vessel. 

Com,bine,  to  unite,  or  join  things  together. 

Com,press,  to  press  together  by  external  force. 

Con,verse,  to  come  together.     Venio,  to  come,  con,  to- 
gether. 

Confederate,  to  unite  in  a  league,  or  by  treaty. 

Cor,rugate,  to  wrinkle.    Rugo,  to  gather,  cor,  together. 
CIRCUM — implies  around,  about. 

Circumnavigate,  to  sail  around,  as  by  water. 

Circum'jacent,  lying  around  ;  bordering  on. 

Circumambient,  surrounding,  as  the  air. 

Circum,spect,  looking  around  ;  prudent. 

Circumference,  a  line  that  goes  round  a  circle. 
DE — denotes  from,  removing  from,  depriving  of,  or  down. 

De,duce,  to  draw  from,  or  gather  truth.     Duco,  to  draw, 
de,  from. 

De,grade,  to  reduce  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  rank. 

De,bark,  to  land/rom  a  ship  or  a  boat. 

Dejected,  cast  down,  as  to   the  countenance.     Jacio,  to 
cast,  de,  down. 

De,fraud,  to  deprive  of  a  right ;  to  cozen  or  cheat, 

De,obstruct,  to  remove  impediments  from  a  passage. 
,  Departure,  the  act  of  going  away,  removing  from. 

*  Before  a  vowel  or  h,  n  is  dropped,  as  cohere,  coalesce. 
2 


14  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

De,pose,  to  reduce  from  a  throne,  or  deprive  of  office. 

De,volve,  to  roll  down  on,  or  to  pass  to  another. 

De,molish,  to  throw,  or  pull  down  ;  to  destroy. 

De, spoil,  to  take  from  by  force  ;  to  deprive  of. 

De,fend,  to  drive  from,  or  thrust  back  ;  to  protect. 
DI,  DIS,  DIF — denote  separating 'rout  of,  from,  off,  or  want  of. 

Di,vide,  to  part  into  two  or  more  portions. 

Di,vest,  to  strip  off,  as  clothes,  arms,  or  equipage. 

Di,vert,  to  turn  off,  from  any  course  ;  to  amuse. 

Disburse,  to  pay  out,  as  money  from  a  treasury. 

Dis,locate,  to  put  out  of  its  proper  place,  as  a  joint. 

Dis,arm,  to  deprive  of  arms,  or  means  of  defence. 

Dis,miss,  to  give  leave  to  depart ;  to  send  away. 

Dis,able,  to  deprive  of  ability,  to  weaken  or  impair. 

Dis,inter,  to  take  out  of  a  grave,  or  out  of  the  earth. 

Dif,fuse,  to  pour  out  and  spread,  as  a  fluid. 

Dif,fer,  to  separate,  to  disagree.    Fero,  to  bear,  dif,  apart. 
DUO,  DU — denote  double  or  two. 

Duo,decimo,^  a  book  with  twelve  pages  to  a  sheet. 

Duplicate,  a  copy ;  two  of  the  same  kind. 

Du,plicity,  doubleness  of  heart,  or  speech ;  deceit. 
E,  EX,  EF,  EC — denote  out,  out  of,  from,  beyond. 

E,duce,  drawow£;  to  elicit,  or  extract.     Duco,  to  draw, 
e,  out. 

Eject,  to  pick  out  from  among  two  or  more. 

E,vade,  to  escape  from;  to  avoid  by  dexterity.    Vado,  to 
march,  e,  from. 

E,merge,  to  rise  out  of  a  fluid ;  to  issue  from. 

Ex,clude,  to  thrust  out ;  to  hinder  from  entering.    Claudo, 
to  shut,  ex,  out. 

Ex,haust,  to  empty  by  drawing  out  the  whole. 

*  Decem,  ten  ;  and  duo,  two,  making  twelve. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  15 

Ex,cess,  superfluity  beyond  necessary  wants. 

Ef,flux,  the  act  of  flowing  out,  as  in  a  stream.     Fluo,  to 
flow,  ef,  out. 

Effulgence,  a  shining  forth,  as  with  a  flood  of  light. 

Effervesce,  to  throw  off  vapor,  or  gas,  as  in  boiling. 

Ec,lectic,  a  selecting,  or  choosing  from. 

Ec,centric,  deviating,  or  departing  from  the  center. 

*Es,cort,  a  guard  sent  forth  to  attend  an  officer,  &c. 

Es,cape,  to  flee  from  and  avoid ;  to  shun  or  evade. 

Es,chew,  to  Reefrom;  to  shun  or  avoid  evil. 

Bs,trange,  to  keep  at  a  distance  ;  to  withdraw. 
EN,t  EM — denote  in  or  upon;  (giving  intensity.) 

Entourage,  to  inspire  with  more  courage. 

En,lighten,  to  shed  light  on,  to  increase  the  light. 

En,velop,  to  cover  by  mwrapping,  or  folding. 

En,circle,  to  inclose,  or  to  go  round ;  to  surround. 

Em, body,  to  form  into  a  body ;  to  collect. 

Em,power,  to  give  legal,  or  moral  power  to. 

Em,bolden,  to  give  boldness,  or  courage  to. 

Em,phatic,  uttered  with  greater  force  of  voice. 
EQUI — implies  equal. 

Equilateral,  a  figure  having  equal  sides.     Lotus,  a  side. 

Equilibrium,  equality  of  weight  or  force. 

Equivalent,  equal  in  value  or  worth. 

Equi,distant,  at  an  equal  distance  from. 

Equi,v'ocal,    language   equally  implying  either  of  two 

senses. 
EXTRA — denotes  beyond,  more  than,  or  excess. 

*Es,  in  some  cases,  has  the  same  import  as  ex. 

t  en,  is  borrowed  from  the  French.  It  coincides  with  the  Latin,  in, 
and  the  Greek,  en.  N  is  changed  for  m,  before  labials ;  as  employ .  In 
some  words  en  and  in,  are  interchangeable,  as  enclose,  inclose. 


16  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

Extra ,v'agant,    going  beyond    due    bounds  ;    excessive. 
Vagans,  going,  extra,  beyond. 

Extraordinary,  beyond  the  common  order. 

Extra  judicial,  out  of  the  proper  court. 
IN — is  used  in  two  senses,     1st.  It  denotes  not,  or  a  nega- 
tive sense,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  adverbs. 
IM,  IG,  IL,  IR — denote  the  same,  in  the  same  connec- 
tion.      2nd.      It    denotes  i?i,   on   or  upon,     when 
prefixed  to  verbs  or  words  derived  from  verbs.) 
IM,  IG,  IL,  IR — denote  the  same  as  in,  when  in  this  case, 
also,  they  are  used  in  the  same  connection. 

1st  Import.     In, capable,  not  capable ;  wanting  capacity. 

In,cautious,  not  cautious ;  not  circumspect. 

In,effably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  uttered. 

Impossible,  not  possible ;  that  cannot  be. 

Im,mortal,  not  mortal ;  exempt  from  death. 

Im,mutably,  not  admitting  change. 

Ig,noble,  not  noble ;  of  low  birth  or  family. 

Ig,norant,  not  knowing ;  wanting  knowledge. 

Il,legal,  not  legal ;  contrary  to  law  ;  unlawful. 

Illiberal,  not  liberal ;  not  free  to  give. 

Illegibly,  in  a  manner  not  to  be/ead. 

Irreligious,  not  religious  ;  impious ;  ungodly. 

Ir,regular,  not  regular ;  deviating. 

Irrevocably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  recalled. 

2nd  Import.     Incarcerate,  to  put  in  prison. 

Inaugurate,  to  invest  with  an  office ;  to  induct. 

Im,mure,  to  confine  within  walls. 

Im,press,  to  imprint  in  or  on  ;  to  stamp. 

Ig.nite,  to  kindle,  or  set  on  fire  ;  to  take  fire, 

ll,luminate,  to  enlighten,  to  throw  light  on. 

Illustrate,  to  make  tnore  clear  ;  to  explain. 


• 

ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  17 

Ir,ritate,  to  make  angry,  or  fretful ;  to  provoke. 

Irrigate,  to  water  ;  to  moisten ;  to  bedew. 

Inheritable,  that  may  be  inherited. 

Im,pressive,  tending  to  make  an  impression. 

Ig,nition,  the  act  of  setting  on  fire. 

Il,lusory,  tending  to  deceive ;  deceitful. 

Ir,ritable,  susceptible  of  excitement ;  passionate. 
INTER — denotes  among  or  between. 

Inter, change,  a  mutual  exchange  between. 

Inter, pose,  to  place  or  come  in,  between. 

Intermix,  to  mix  together  ;  to  intermingle. 

Interrupt,  to  stop  or  hinder,  by  breaking  in,  between. 

Inter, val,  a  space  between  things ;  a  void  space. 
INTRO — denotes  within,  into,  or  in. 

Introspection,  a  view  of  the  inside,  or  interior. 

Introduce,  to  conduct  in,  or  make  known. 

Intro,gression,  the  act  of  coming  in  ;  entrance. 

Intro,version,  the  act  of  turning  inward. 
INFRA — implies  under  or  below. 

Infra,mundane,  under  the  world. 
JURIS — denotes  legal,  or  lawful  right. 

Jurisdiction,  legal  authority,  or  control  over. 

Jurisprudence,  the  science  of  law. 
JUXTA — denotes  near  by,  or  nearness. 

Juxtaposition,  a  being  placed  in  nearness. 
MIS — denotes  wrong,  or  erroneous. 

Misapply,  to  apply  in  a  wrong  manner. 

Misestimate,  to  estimate  erroneously. 

Mispronounce,  to  pronounce  wrong. 

Mis, place,  to  put  in  a  wrong  place. 

Mis,conduct,  wrong  conduct ;  ill  behaviour. 
MALE,  MAL — denote  ill,  evil,  bad. 


18  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Mal,treat,  to  treat  ill ;  to  treat  roughly ;  to  abuse. 

Malpractice,  evil  practice ;  immoral  conduct. 

Malevolent,  wishing  evil  to  others  ;  envious. 

Male,diction,  evil  speaking ;  cursing. 

Male, factor,  an  evil  doer ;  one  who  commits  a  crime. 
MULTI — denotes  many. 

Multilateral,  a  figure  having  many  sides. 

Multi,form,  having  many  forms. 

Multiplicity,  the  state  of  being  many. 

Multiplication,  the  act  of  increasing. 

Multi,ped,  an  insect  having  many  feet. 
MANU— denotes  a  hand. 

Manuscript,  a  paper  written  by  hand. 

Manufacture,  to  make  by  hand. 

Manu,mit,  to  release  the  hand  from  bondage. 

Manu,al,  a  small  book  easily  carried  by  hand. 
NON,  NE,  UN — denote  not,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and 
adverbs. 

Non,sense,  void  of  sense ;  not  sense. 

Non,existence,  not  having  existence. 

Ne,uter,  not  either ;  the  neuter  gender. 

Un,true,  not  true  ;  contrary  to  fact. 

Un,safe,  not  safe.     Un,sound,  not  sound,  6rc. 

When  un  is  prefixed  to  verbs  and  participles,  it  denotes 
undoing  what  has  been  done  ;  as, 

Un,lace,  to  undo  the  lacing ;  to  loose  the  strings. 

Un,lading,  removing  the  cargo  of  a  ship. 

Un,harnessing,  stripping  off  the  harness. 
NOCT  —  implies  night. 

Noct,ur'nal,  pertaining  to  night ;  nightly. 

Noct,iv'agant,  wandering  in  the  night. 

Noct,am'bulist,  one  walking  by  night ;  (in  sleep.) 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  19 

OB,  oc,  OF,  OP  —  denote  in  front,  against,  toward,  in  or  on. 

Ob,trude,  to  thrust  in,  or  on,  as  uninvited. 

Obstruct,  to  block  up,  as  a  passage ;  putting  in  the  way. 

Oc,cur,  to  meet,  as  in  front ',  before  the  mind,  or  eye. 

Oc,cupant,  (in  law)  one  who  comes  before,  or  first  in 
possession. 

Of,fer,  to  bring  before,  for  acceptance,  or  rejection. 

Of,ficious,  excessively  forward;  intermeddling. 

Opponent,  one  who  opposes,  or  sets  himself  against. 

Opposition,  a  standing  over  against,  or  in  front  of. 
OMNI,  PANTO,  PAN — denote  all. 

Omni,s'cient,  knowing  all  things,  as  God  does. 

Omnipotent,  having  all  power,  as  God  has. 

Omnipresent,  being  present  at  once,  in  all  places. 

Omni,bus,  a  carriage  common  for  all  to  ride  in, 

Pan,theon,  a  temple  dedicated  to  all  the  gods. 

Pan,tomine,  imitating  all  sorts  of  actions. 

Pan,acea,  a  remedy  for  all  diseases. 
PLENI — denotes  full. 

Plenipotentiary,  an  ambassador  with  full  power. 

Pleni,tude,  fullness  ;  abundance. 

Plenary,  full,  complete,  entire. 

Plenum,  fullness  of  matter  in  space. 
PRETER — denotes  beyond,  past,  more  than. 

Preternatural,  beyond  what  is  natural. 

.  Preter,legal,  exceeding  the  limits  of  the  law. 

Preter,it,  that  which  is  past ;  past  tense. 

Preter,imperfect,  the  tense  of  action  not  perfectly  past. 
POST — denotes  after. 

Postmeridian,  after  noon  ;  any  time  after  noon. 

Postmortem,  after  death,  as  a  postmortem  examination. 

Postdiluvian,  a  person  who  lived  after  the  flood. 


20  ANALYSIS    OF   THE 

Postpone,  to  put  off  till  another  time ;  to  defer. 

Postscript,  a  paragraph  afterwards  added ;  an  addition. 

Posterity,  descendants ;  those  coming  after,  as  children. 
PRO — denotes  fore,  forth,  forward,  out,  oifor. 

Probation,  /ore-trial;  the  act  of  proving;  trial. 

Pro,duce,  to  bring  forward;  to  bring  forth. 

Pro, pel,  to  drive  forward  ;  to  urge  on  by  force.     Petto, 
to  drive,  pro,  forward. 

Pro,pose,  to  bring  forward,  or  offer  for  acceptance.   Pono, 
to  place,  pro,  before. 

Pro,m'inent,  standing  out  beyond ;  jutting  out. 

Progression,  the  act  of  moving  forward. 

Prognostic,  /oreshowing,  as  a  future  event. 

Promulgate,  to  publish,  in  some  way  to  send  forth. 
PRE — denotes  before,  forward,  or  to  surpass ,    in  time  01 
rank. 

Pre,cede,  to  go  before  in  the  order  of  time. 

Pre,concert,  a  previous  agreement. 

Pre,meditate,  to  consider  on  beforehand. 

Pre,occupy,  to  take  possession  before  another. 

Prejudge,  to  judge  in  a  cause  before  it  is  heard. 

Preeminent,  surpassing,  or  superior  in  excellence. 

Pre,face,  that  which  comes  before,  as  introductory. 

Pre,pare,  to  make  ready,  beforehand;  to  adjust. 
PER — denotes  through,  by,  very,  over. 

Per?vade,  to  pass  through,  or  spread  through.     Vado,  to 
march,  per,  through. 

Per,ceive,  to  get  impressions  through  the  senses. 

Perforate,  to  bore  through,  or  pierce  through. 

Per, vert,  to  turn  by,  or  from  a  proper  purpose. 

Per,vious,  admitting  a  passage  through. 

Per, form,  to  carry  through  an  undertaking. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  21 

Per,petual,  continuing  through  all  time. 

Per,fect,  complete,  every  thing  gone  through  with. 

Per,day,  or  per,diem,  by  the  day;  per,annum,  &c. 
PRIMO,  PRIM — denote  first,  or  original. 

Primogenitor,  the  first  father,  or  forefather. 

Prim,or'dial,  first  in  order ;  original. 

Primitive,  an  original  word ;  one  not  derived. 

Prim,ary,  first  in  order  of  time  ;  original. 
QUAD,  TETRA — denote  four. 

Quad,rate,  a  figure  having  four  equal  sides. 

Quadruple,  four  fold ;  four  times  told. 

Quad,ruped,  an  animal  having  four  feet. 

Quad,rant,  the  quarter,  or  fourth  part  of  a  circle. 

Tetra,spermous,  having  four  seeds.     (Botany.) 

Tetra,syllabic,  consisting  of  four  syllables. 
^RE — denotes  again,  back,  return,  or  repetition. 

Re,enter,  to  enter  again,  or  a  second  time. 

Reassign,  to  assign  back,  or  transfer  back. 

Re,pay,  to  pay  back,  or  return,  as  money. 

Re,people,  to  furnish  again  with  people. 

Re,mind,  to  bring  to  mind,  or  notice  again. 

Re,spect,  to  look  back  on,  as  with  esteem. 

Repetition,  the  act  of  performing  again. 

Reorganize,  to  organize  again,  or  anew. 
RETRO — denotes  backward,  or  back. 

Retrograde,  going  or  moving  backward. 

Retrospection,  the  act  of  looking  back,  on. 

Retro,pulsive,  driving,  or  repelling  back. 

Retroaction,  action  turned  backward. 
SE — denotes  separation,  or  withdrawal. 

Se, elude,  to  separate,  as  from  company. 

*  In  some  words,  re  has  lost  its  original  meaning,  as  in  rejoice. 


22  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Se,cede,  to  withdraw  from  fellowship  with. 

Se,dtice,  to  draw  aside  from  the  path  of  rectitude. 

Se,lect,  to  choose  one  or  more  from  a  number. 

Se,cure,  separated,  or  withdrawn  from  danger. 

Se,crecy,  a  state  of  separation ;  from  public  observation. 
SUPER,  SUPRA,  SUR — denote  over,  over  and  above,  beyond. 

Superfine,  over  and  above  fine ;  very  fine. 

Superficial,  being  on,  or  over  the  surface  ;  not  deep, 

Superstitious,  over  scrupulous ;  over  exact. 

Supervision,  the  act  of  overseeing  ;  inspection. 

Supra,mundane,  over  or  above  the  world. 

Surcharged,  overcharged,  as  clouds  with  electricity. 

Sur,mount,  to  rise  above ;  to  overcome. 

Sur,pass,  to  go  beyond  in  any  thing. 

Sur,feit,  to  be  overfed  with  meat  or  drink. 
SEX,  HEX,  HEXA — denote  six. 

Sex,ennial,  lasting  or  happening  once  in  six  years. 

Sex,tant,  an  instrument,  the  sixth  part  of  a  circle. 

Hexa,gon,  a  figure  of  six  sides  and  six  angles. 

Hexa,m'eter,  a  verse  containing  six  poetic  feet. 

Hex,androus,  (in  botany)  having  six  stamens. 
SOLI,MONO — denote  one  alone. 

Soli,tude,  the  state  of  being  alone  ;  a  lonely  life. 

Soliloquy,  a  talking  to  one's  self,  or  alone. 

Mono,theist,  a  believer  in  one  God  only. 

Monologue,  spoken  by  one  person  only. 

Mono,p'oly,  the  sole  power  of  selling  certain  goods. 
^SUB,  SUBTER — denote  under,  below,  after. 

Sub,due,  to  bring  under,  as  by  conquest. 

*b,  in  sub,  is  changed  for  c9f,  g,  p9  or  s,  and  thus  forms  sue,  suf, 
sug,  sup  and  sus,  all  retaining  the  same  import  as  sub.  This  is  for 
euphony. 


ENGLISH    LANGVAGB.  23 

Submerge,  to  put  under  water ;  to  plunge, 

Suc,ceed,  to  follow  in  order  after  ;  to  come  after. 

Suc,cumb,  to  submit,  or  to  sink  under,  unresistingly. 

Suf,fer,  to  undergo  pain  of  body  or  mind. 

Suf,fix,  what  is  placed  after,  or  at  the  end  of  a  word. 

Sup,port,  to  hold  up,  by  something  underneath. 

Sus,tain,  to  bear  up  and  keep  from  sinking. 

Subter,fluent,  flowing  underneath. 

Subter,fuge,  fleeing  under,  an  artifice  for  concealment. 
SEMI,  HEMI,  DEMI — denote  half. 

Semicircle,  halfa.  circle.     Semiannual,  half  yearly. 

Semijdiameter.     Demi,wolf.     Hemisphere. 
SINE — denotes  without. 

Sine,die,  adjournment  without  fixing  a  day. 

Sine,cure,  an  office  of  revenue  without  employ. 
TRANS,  ULTRA — denote  across,  beyond,  change,  through. 

Transatlantic,  across  the  Atlantic.     (Ocean.) 

Ultra,montane,  beyond  the  mountain. 

Transparent,  capable  of  being  seen  through. 

Trans,gress,  to  go  across  ;  to  violate  a  law. 

Translate,  to  render,  or  change  to  another  language. 

Trans,mute,  to  change  from  one  substance  to  another. 

Transplant,  to  remove  and  plant  in  another  place. 
TRI — denotes  three. 

Tri,angle,  a  figure  having  three  angles. 

Triennial,  continuing  three  years. 

Tri,florous,  bearing  three  flowers. 

Tri,colored,  having  three  colors ;  as  the  French  flag. 
UNI — denotes  one. 

Uni,form,  having  one,  or  the  same  form. 

Uni,v'ocal,  having  one  meaning,  only;  (one  voice.) 

Uni,ty,  the  state  of  being  one  ;  sameness. 


24  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Uni,verse,  the  entire  creation  as  one  whole. 

NOTE.  The  Greek  word  constituting  the  prefix,  is  given  in  Roman 
letters,  inclosed  with  parenthesis.  The  Greek  prepositions  are  not 
inclosed. 

A — denotes  privation,  destitute  of,  or  without. 

A,ch'romatic,  destitute  of  color.     (Applied  to  a  telescope.) 

A,theism,  disbelief  of  the  existence  of  a  God. 

A,nonymous,  without  a  name ;  nameless. 

A,cephalous,  without  a  head ;  headless. 
ANA — denotes,  again,  against,  back.     (Various  senses.) 

Ana,baptist,  one  who  re-baptizes,  or  baptizes  again. 

Analysis,  resolving  a  thing  back  to  its  elements. 

Ana,t'omy,  a  cutting  through,  or  dissecting. 
ARCH — (arche)  denotes  chief;  (beginning.) 

Arch,bishop,  chief  bishop,  or  principal. 

Arch,fiend,  the  chief  fiend,  or  foe  . 

Arch,deacon,  the  chief,  or  principal  deacon. 
ASTRO — (aster,  astron)  denotes  star. 

Astro ,n'omy,  the  science  of  the  stars. 

Astrology,  dividing  or  foretelling  by  the  stars. 

Astrog/raphy,  a  treatise  on  the  stars. 
AUTO — (autos)   denotes  one's  self. 

Auto,graph,  aAperson's  own  hand  writing. 

Auto,crat,  a  man  who,  by  himself,  governs  a  nation. 

Auto,m'aton,  a  machine  seeming  to  move  itself. 

Auto,p'sy,  personal  observation ;  occular  view. 
APO,  APH — denote  from. 

Apo,gee,  the  moon's  greatest  distance  from  the  earth. 

Apo,s'tasy,  a  departure  from  the  faith. 

Apo,s'tle,  one  sent  forth;  a  disciple  of  Christ. 

Aph,erion,  a  planet's  greatest  distance  from  the  sun. 
ARISTO — (aristos)  denotes  the  best ;  that  is,  Noble  or  Nobles 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  25 

Aristocracy  a  government  by  the  Nobility. 
BIO — (bios),  denotes  life. 

Bio,g'raphy,  the  written  life  of  a  person. 
BIBLIO — (biblion)  denotes  book. 

Biblio,g'raphy,  a  history  or  description  of  books. 

Biblio,thecal,  belonging  to  a  library, 
CATA — against  or  down.     It  has  various  meanings. 

Cata,baptist,  one  who  opposes  baptism. 

Cata,ract,  a  dashing  down  ;  a  waterfall. 

Cata,phonics,  the  doctrine  of  reflected  sounds. 

Cata,s'trophe,  an  overthrow  ;  a  final  event. 
CHORO — (choros)  denotes  &  place,  or  country. 

Choro,g'raphy,  the  art  of  making  maps. 
CHIRO — (cheir),  denotes  a  hand. 

Chiro,g'raphy,  writing  with  one's  own  hand. 
CHRONO — (chronos)  denotes  time. 

Chrono,m'eter,  an  instrument  to  measure  time, 

Chronology,  the  science  of  time. 

Chron,icle,  a  record  of  facts  in  the  order  of  time. 

Chro,nic,  a  disease  of  long  continuance. 
COSMO — (cosmos)   denotes  the  world. 

Cosmography,  a  description  of  the  world. 

Cosmo,g'ony,  a  treatise  on  the  creation. 

Cosmo,p'olite,  a  citizen  of  the  world. 
DIA — denotes  through. 

Dia,m'eter,  a  right  line  through  the  center  of  a  circle. 

Diagonal,  a  line  drawn  through,  from  angle  to  angle. 

Pia,phoretic,  promoting  perspiration ;  through  the  pores 

of  the  skin. 
DYS — denotes  bad,  or  difficult. 

Dys,pensy,  difficulty  of  digestion. 

Dys,phony,  difficulty  of  speaking. 
3 


26  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Dys,orexyv  oad  or  depraved  appetite. 
DECA,  DEC — (deka)  and  latin,  decem — ten. 

Deca,gon,  a  figure  having  ten  angles, 

Deca,logue,  the  ten  commandments. 

Decimal,  a  fraction  numbering  by  tentJis* 

Deca,pod,  an  animal  having  ten  feet. 
EU — implies  good,  well,  or  praise. 

Eu,peptic,  having  good  digestion. 

Eu,phony,  a  smooth  agreeable  sound. 

Eu,pathyr  a  state  of  right  feeling. 

Eu,logize,  to  praise,  or  give  commendation. 
EPI — denotes  in,  on,  or  upon. 

Epidemic,  some  general  disease  on  the  people. 

Epi,lepsy,  seizing  on  suddenly,  as  a  fit. 

Epi,taph,  an  inscription  on  a  tombstone. 
ENTOMO — (entoma)  denotes  an  insect. 

Entomology,  a  treatise  describing  insects. 

Entomo,lite,  a  petrified  insect. 
GEO — (ge)  denotes  the  earth. 

Geo,g'raphy,  a  written  description  of  the  earth. 

Geo,l'ogy,   the  science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of 
the  earth — its  minerals,  &c. 

Geometry,  the  measurement  of  the  globe  by  lines,  &c. 
HOMO — (homos)  denotes  like,  or  similar. 

Homogeneous,  the  same  kind  of  qualities. 

Homologous,  sides  or  angles  of  the  same  ratio. 
HETERO — (heteros)  denotes  unlike^  or  different. 

Heterogeneous,  unlike  in  kind  or  nature. 

Hetero,dox,  unlike  scripture  doctrines ;  heresy. 
HEPTA — (latin,  septem)  denotes  seven. 

Hepta,gon,  a  figure  having  seven  angles. 

Septennial,  occurring  once  in  seven  years. 


EN'GLlSH     LANGUAGE.  27 

denotes  the  sun. 

Heliocentric,  position  of  a  body  as  seen  from  the  center 
of  the  sun. 

Helio,m'eter,  a  solar  instrument ;  a  micrometer. 
HYDRO — (hudor)  denotes  water. 

Hydrojogy,  science  of  the  laws  of  water,  &c. 

Hydro,phobia,  dread  of  water  ;  canine  madness, 

Hydro,p'athy,  water  cure. 

Hy'dr,ant,  a  pipe  for  conveying  water. 

Hydrostatics,  the  science  of  fluids  at  rest. 

Hydra,  a  water  serpent ;  a  monster. 
HYPER — (huper)  denotes  over,  excess,  beyond. 

Hypercritical,  critical  beyond  use,  or  reason. 

Hyper,bole,  an  exaggerated  expression. 

Hyper,oxyd,  that  which  has  an  excess  of  oxygen. 
HYPO — (hupo)  denotes  under,  (figuratively.) 

Hypo,crite,  one  under  disguised  sentiments. 

Hypo,thvesis,  a  supposition  under  consideration. 

Hypo,condrk,  a  being  under  dejection  of  spirits. 
ICHTHYO — (ichthus)  denotes  a  fish. 

Ichthyology,  the  science  which  treats  of  fishes. 
LEXICO — (lexikon)  denotes  a  dictionary. 

Lexicographer,  a  writer  of  dictionaries. 
LITHO — (lithos)  denotes  stone. 

Litho,g'raphy,  the  art  of  engraving  on  stone. 

LithoJ'ogy,  the  natural  history  of  stones. 

Litho,graph,  a  print  from  a  drawing  on  stone. 
<META — denotes  change,  beyond. 

Meta,morphose,  to  change  into  another  form, 

Meta,b'asis,  a  passing  from  one  thing  to  another. 

Meta,physics,  a  science  above,  or  beyond  physics. 
-MYTEO — (muthos)  denotes  fable. 


28  A  NALYSISOFTH£ 

Mytho,rogist,  a  writer  of fables. 

Mythology,  a  system  of  fables. 
MISO,  MIS — (misos)  denote  hatred. 

Misanthropy,  hatred,  or  dislike  to  mankind 

Miso,g'amistj  a  hater  of  marriage. 
OSTEO — (osteon)  denotes  bone. 

OsteoJ'ogy,  a  description  of  bones. 

Osteo,g'eny,  the  growth  or  formation  of  bories^ 
ORTHO — (orthos)  denotes  right,  correct. 

Ortho,g'raphy,  the  writing  of  words  correctly. 

Ortho,dox,  correct,  or  sound  in  the  faith. 

Ortho,epy,  correct  pronunciation  of  words. 

Ortho,l'ogy,  the  right  description  of  things. 
ORNITHO— (ornis,  ornithos)  denotes  a  bird,  or  fowl. 

Ornitho,l'ogy,  the  science  of  birds. 
octo,  OCTA,  OCT— (okto)  denote  eight. 

Octa,gon,  a  figure  having  eight  angles. 

Octa,vo,  a  book,  each  sheet  making  eight  leaves .< 

Octo, her,  the  eighth  month  of  the  Roman  year. 

Oct,ant,  the  eighth  part  of  a  circle. 

Octo ,n ocular,^  having  eight  eyes. 
PARA — denotes  contrary,  beyond,  by  the  side  of. 

Para-dox,  a  tenet  contrary  to  received  opinions. 

Parallel,  equidistant ;  lying  side  by  side. 

Para,gon,  a  model  of  excellencies  ;  a  pattern, 

Para,mount,  beyond  or  superior  to  all  others. 
PROTO— (protos)  denotes  first,  or  chief. 

Proto,martyr,  thsjirst  martyr. 

Prototype;  an  original,  or  chief  model. 

Protocol,  the  original  copy  of  any  writing. 
PENTA— (pente)  denotes  five. 

•  *  n  is  inserted  for  euphony. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  29 

1?enta,g<sn,  a  figure  having  five  angles. 

Penta,chord,  five  strings  ;  an  instrument  of  music. 

Penta,teuch,  the  five  books  of  Moses, 

Pentameter,  a  verse  having  five  poetic  feet. 
•PHYSICO,  PHYSIO— (phusis,  phusicos)  nature,  natural. 

Physico,logic,  logic  illustrated  by  natural  philosophy. 

Physio,g'nomy,  discerning  the  character  of  the  mind  by 

the  natural  features  of  the  face. 
PYRO — (pur)  denotes  fire, 

Pyrotechnics,  the  art  of  making  fire-works. 

Pyro,l'ogy,  a  treatise  on  heat. 
£YLO — (pohas)  denotes  many. 

Polysyllable,  a  word  of  many  syllables. 

Poly,glot,  a  book  containing  words  in  many  languages. 

Poly,pode,  an  animal  having  many  feet. 

Polytechnic,  comprehending  many  arts* 
PHILO,  PHIL — (philos)  denote  a  friend,  love,  or  lover. 

Philo,s'opher,  a  lover  of  wisdom. 

Philo,l'ogy,  a  love  of  words  or  of  language. 

Philo,math,  a  lover  of  learning. 

Philanthropist,  a  lover  of  mankind. 
PERI — denotes  around,  near  or  nearest. 

Peri,ph'ery,  a  line  passing  round,  as  of  a  circle. 

Peri,od,  a  circuit,  or  revolution,  as  of  time, 

Peri,gee;  the  moon's  orbital  point  nearest  the  earth. 

Peri,helion,  an  orbital  point  nearest  the  sun. 
SYN,  SYL,  SYM,  SY — (sun)  denote  with,  together  with. 

Synthesis,  a  putting  of  things  together. 

Syllable,  letters  put  together  for  utterance. 

Syn,agogue,    a  house ;  an  assembly  of   Jews  met  to 
worship. 

Sympathy,  accordance  in  feeling  uritk  others. 


36  ANALYSlSOFTHfi 

Sys,tem,  a  scheme  of  connected  parts,  arranged 

Syn,opsis,  a  collection  of  things  viewed  at  once, 
STENO — (stenos)  denotes  narrow,  brief,  short. 

Stenographer,  one  who  writes  short  hand. 
STEREO — (stereos)  denotes  solid,  firm. 

Stereotype,  solid  or  fixed  types  in  plates. 

Stereo, m'etry,  the  art  of  measuring  solid  bodies. 
TOPO — (topos)  denotes  a  place. 

Topography,  description  of  sorne  country,  or  place, 
THEO — (Theos)  denotes  God. 

Theology,  science  of  God  and  divine  things. 

Theo,c'rasy,  a  government  specially  under  God. 
TYPO — (tupos)  denotes  type. 

Typographic,  pertaining  to  printing. 
zoo — (zoVn)  denotes  an  animal,  or  beast. 

zo-Ojl'ogy,  natural  history  of  animals. 

PREFIXES  OF  SAXON  ORIGI$. 

ALL — denotes  most,  wholly,  or  in  the  highest  degree. 

All-cheering,  most  cheering.     All-cheering  news. 

All-abandoned,  wholly  abandoned ;  forsaken. 

All-important,  important  in  the  highest  degree. 
AFTER— denotes  later,  or  following. 

After-noon,  the  part  of  the  day  which  follows  noon* 

After-part,  the  latter  part,  as  of  the  day  or  night, 
BE— denotes  nearness.     It  adds  intensity. 

Be-siege,  to  lay  siege  to,  with  armed  force. 

Be-deck,  to  adorn,  or  make  mere  beautiful 

Be-times,  seasonably ;  in  good  season. 

Be-witch,  to  fascinate  by  charms. 
iY— denotes  near,  aside. 


LANGUAGE. 

jfey-stander,  one  who  stands  near  by. 

By-path,  an  obscure  way;  aside  ;  a  private  path* 

By-passage,  a  passage  one-side  ;  private. 
£  ORE—  denotes  before,  or  in  front. 

Fore-tell,  to  tell  beforehand  ;  to  predict. 

Fore-show,  to  show  beforehand  ;  to  foretell. 

Fore-side,  the  front  part,  or  side. 
OUT  —  denotes  beyond,  excess. 

Out-reach,  to  extend,  or  reach  beyond. 

Out-number,  to  number  more  ;  to  exceed. 

Out-run,  to  exceed  in  running  j  to  run  faster. 
OVER—  denotes  excess,  or  above;  (in  place  or  rank.) 

Over-anxious,  too  much  anxiety,  or  excess. 

Over-balance,  excess  of  weight  or  value. 

Over-load,  td  load  too  heavily  ;  to  over-burden. 
UP  —  denotes  rising,  sustaining. 

Up-lift,  to  raise,  or  elevate.     Up,root,  to  tear  up. 

Up-hold,  to  keep  up,  by  sustaining.     Up,cast,  &c* 
UNDER  —  denotes  below,  beneath,  subordinate. 

Under-current,  a  current  beneath  the  surface. 

Under-agent,  a  subordinate  agent. 

Under-let  f  to  lease  or  let  below  the  value* 

Under-officer,  one  subordinate  in  rank. 
WITH  —  denotes  opposing,  or  restraining. 

With-stand,  to  oppose,  or  to  resist. 

Withhold,  to  keep  back,  to  restrain. 


31 


3S  AN  A  LYSIS    OF   THE 

SECTION  IV. 

Synopsis  of  Prefixes. 

a  ab  abs.  Most;  .wholly;  iu  the  highest  degree, 

ad  ac  af  ag  al  an  ap  )  TQ  .  toward     dosencsg     or  uniom 
ar  as  at.  ) 

ambi.  Both. 

\ 

amb  amphi.  Around  or  two. 

ante.     '  Before. 

ant  anti.  Opposite  ;  against. 

bene.  Good  or  well. 

bi  bis.  Two. 

cis.  On  this  side. 

centu  centi  cent.  A  hundred. 

contra  contro  counter.  Against ;  opposition  to. 

con  co  cog  com  col  cor.  With  ;  joined  with ;  or  together. 

circum.  Around ;  about. 

de.  From;  depriving  of;  down. 

di  dis  dif.  Separating;  out  of ;  from. 

duo  du.  Two;  double. 

e  exefec.  Out;  out  of ;  from;  beyond. 

en  em.  In,  or  upon. 

equi.  Equal. 

extra.  Beyond ;  more  than ;  excess. 

Not ;  (with  adj.  and  adv.) 
in  im  ig  il  ir.  Jn  .  imo .  ^      ( With 

inter.  Between ;  among, 

intro.  Within;  into;  unto, 

infra.  Under;  below; 

juris.  Legal;  lawful;  right. 

juxta.  Near  by  ;  nearness, 

mis.  Wrong;  erroneous. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


33 


inale  rtial.  Ill ;  evil ;  bad. 

multi,  Many, 

tnanu.  A  hand. 

Not.     (With   adj.   and  adv.)      Un- 
doing.    (With  verbs.) 

nock    .  Night. 

oh  oc  of  op.  In  front ;  against ;  toward  ;  in,  or  on^ 

omni  panto  part.  All. 

pleni.  Full, 

preter.  Beyond;  past;  more  than, 

post.  After.  % 

pro.  Fore  ;  forth  ;  forward ;  out,  or  for^ 

pre.  Before  ;  forward ;  to  surpass*] 

per.  Through  ;  by ;  very ;  over; 

primo  prim.  First;  original, 

quad  tetra.  Four; 

re.  Again  ;  back  ;  return, 

retro.  Backward ;  back, 

se.  Separation ;  withdrawal* 

super  supra  sur.  Over  and  above  ;  beyond 

sex  hex  hexa.  Six. 

soli  mono.  One  ;  alone* 

sub  subter.  Under ;  below ;  after, 

semi  demi  hemi.  Half, 

sine.  Without, 

trans  ultra.  Across ;  beyorid  ;  change, 

tri.  Three. 

unL  One. 


ANALYSIS     OF    THE 


GREEK   PREFIXES. 

When  the  prefix  is  from  a  Greek  word,  such  word  is 
given  by  Roman  letters,  enclosed  in  parenthesis. 

Privation;  destitute  of ;  without 

Again  ;  against ;  back. 

Chief;  beginning. 

A  star. 

One's  self. 

From. 

The  best,  viz.,  Noble  or  Nobles. 


a. 

ana. 

arch,  (arche) 

astro,  (aster,  astron) 

auto,  (autos) 

apo  aph. 

aristo,  (aristos) 

bio.  (bios) 

biblio.  (biblion) 

cata. 

choro.  (chores. 

chiro.  (cheir) 

chrono.  (chronos) 

tosmo.  (cosmos) 

dia. 

dys. 

deca  dec.  (deka) 

eu. 

epi. 

entomo.  (entoma) 

geo.  (ge') 

homo,  (homos) 


Life. 

A  book. 

Against;  down. 

A  place,  or  country. 

A  hand. 

Time. 

The  world. 

Through. 

Bad;  difficult. 

Ten. 

Good  ;  well ;  praise. 

In  ;  on ;  upon. 

An  insect. 

The  earth. 

Like;  similar. 

Unlike;  dissimilar. 


hetero.  (heteros) 

hepta.  (Latin  Septem.)  Seven. 

helio.  (helios)  The  sun. 

hydro,  (hudor)  Water. 

hyper,  (huper)  Over ;  excess  ;  beyond* 

hypo,  (hupo)  Under. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  35 

ichthyo.  (ichthus)  A  fish. 

lexico.  (lexikon)  A  dictionary. 

litho,  (lithos)  Stone. 

meta.  Change  ;  beyond. 

mytho.  (muthos)  A  fable. 

miso  mis.  (misos)  Hatred. 

osteo.  (osteon)  Bone. 

ortho.  (orthos)  Eight ;  correct. 

ornitho.  (ornithos)  A  bird ;  a  fowl. 

octo  octa  oct.  (okto)  Eight. 

para.  Contrary;  beyond. 

proto.  (protos)  First;  chief. 

penta.  (pente)  Five. 

physico  physio,  (phusis)  Nature  ;  natural. 

pyro.  (pur)  Fire. 

poly,  (polus)  Many. 

philo  phil.  (philos)  Friend ;  love  ;  lover. 

peri.  Around ;  near. 

syn  syl  sym  sy.  (sun)   With ;  together  with. 

steno.  (stenos)  Narrow;  brief;  short. 

stereo,  (stereos)  Solid;  firm. 

topo.  (topos)  A  place. 

theo.  (theos)  God. 

typo,  (tupos)  Type. 

zoV  (zoon)  An  animal ;  a  beast. 

PREFIXES  OF  SAXON  ORIGIN. 

all.  Most;  wholly;  in  the  highest  degree, 

after.  .  Later ;  following, 

be.  Nearness.     (Adding  intensity.) 

by.  Near;  aside. 


36  ANALYSIS     OF     TH  5 

fore.  Before ;  in  front, 

out.  Beyond ;  excess. 

over.  Excess;  above. 

up.  Rising;  sustaining, 

under.  Below;  beneath, 

with.  Opposing;  retaining. 


SECTION  V. 

Classification  of  Prefixes. 

In  the  subjoined  section  the  Prefixes  are  thus  arranged 
expressly  for  the  convenience  of  such  teachers  as  may  wish 
their  class  to  answer  them  in  concert. 

The  teacher  will  pronounce  each  prefix ;  and  the  class,  in 
concert,  will  define  it. 

ambi,  both.  manu,  the  hand, 

bio,  life.  meta,  a  change, 

chrono,  time.  multi,  many, 

duo,  two.  poly,  many, 

dia,  through.  post,  after, 

deca,  ten.  pre,  before. 

Jiepta,  seven.  steno,  short, 

mni,  all.  zoo',  a  beast, 

octo,  eight.  biblio,  a  book, 

pleni,  full.  helio,  the  sun. 

penta,  five.  ichthyo,  a  fish, 

proto,  first.  osteo,  a  bone, 

pyro,  fire,  ornitho,  a  fowl, 

tetra,  four.  physico,  nature. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


37 


uni,  one. 
Theo,  God. 
ad,  to. 
noct,  night, 
quod,  four, 
sex,  six. 
tri,  three, 
ante,  before, 
astro,  a  star, 
auto,  one's  self, 
amphi,  around, 
bene;  good,  well, 
chiro,  the  hand, 
choro,  some  place, 
cosmo,  the  world, 
contra,  against, 
circum.  around, 
extra,  beyond, 
equi,  equal, 
geo,  the  earth, 
hydro,  water, 
hyper,  over, 
intro,  within, 
inter,  between, 
infra,  below, 
juxta,  near  to. 
juris,  legal, 
litho,  a  stone, 
stereo,  solid, 
mytho,  a  fable. 


entomo,  an  insect. 

lexico,  dictionary. 

genea,  lineage. 

homo,  same  kind. 

hetero,  different  kinds. 

epi ;  in,  or  on. 

soli,  alone. 

mono ;  one,  alone. 

ortho ;  right,  correct. 

preter ;  past,  beyond. 

super;  over,  above. 

centu ;  a  hundred. 

counter,  opposite. 

se,  separation. 

typo ;  type,  figure. 

peri ;  near,  under,  about. 

ana ;  again,  back. 

aristo,  the  Nobles. 

anti,  ant ;  against. 

bis,  hi ;  two  parts. 

hexa,  hex ;  six. 

miso,  mis ;  hatred. 

male,  mal;  bad,  evil. 

philo,  phil ;  a  friend,  lover. 

panto,  pan ;  all. 

trans,  ultra ;  a  cross. 

apo,  aph ;  from,  away  from. 

non,  ne,  nn ;  not. 

di,  dis  ;  separation,  not. 

ob ;  in  front,  before. 


38  AN  A  LYSIS     OF   THE 

SECTION  VI. 

Explanation  of  the,  Suffixes. 

ALTHOUGH  the  Suffixes  will  not  admit  of  as  precise 
definitions  as  the  Prefixes,  yet  they  can  be  classed  so  as  to 
answer  the  general  purposes  of  defining  words. 

A  Suffix  is  a  letter  or  letters,  a  syllable  or  syllables, 
appended  to  the  end  of  a  word,  to  add  force,  vary  or  modify 
its  signification. 

The  word  act  means  something  done,  or  to  do  something. 
Now  add  or,  and  it  becomes  actor,  and  means  the  person 
who  does  something. 

»"  Imprison  means  to  confine  in  some  place.  Now  add 
ment,  and  it  becomes  imprisonment,  and  implies  the  act  of- 
confining  in  some  place.  Such  terminations,  we  denomi- 
nate Suffixes.  The  following  are  the  principal  in  our 
language,  classified  and  defined,  according  to  their  general 
import. 

ABLE,  IBLE — imply  that  may  be,  can  be,  capable  of  being, 
fit  or  worthy  to  be. 

.  EXAMPLES. 

Audible,  that  may  be  heard,  or  can  be  heard. 
Payable,  that  may  be  paid,  or  can  be  paid. 
Movable,  that  may  be  moved,  or  can  be  moved. 
Tamable,  that  may  be  tamed,  or  capable  of  being. 
Flexible,  that  may  be  bent,  or  can  be  bent. 
iiegible,  that  may  be  read,  or  can  be  read. 
Illegible,  fit  to  be  chosen,  or  worthy  to  be  chosen. 
ABILITY,  IBILITY,  ABLENESS,  JBLENESS — imply  the  property,  or 

quality,  capable  of  being  ;  the  state  ;  the  capacity  of, 

or  the  susceptibility  of  being. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  39 

Compressibility,  the  quality  of  being  compressed. 
Divisibility,  the  quality  of  being  divisible. 
Inft&mmableness,  the  capacity  of  taking  fire. 
Desirableness,  the  quality  of  being  desirable. 
M.}serableness,  the  sto£e  of  being  miserable. 
M.utability,  susceptibility  of  change. 
Durability,  the  property  capable  of  lasting. 
Phiableness,  state  deserving  of  compassion, 
ANCE,  ANCY,  ENCE,  ENCY,  ION,  MENT — imply  the  act  of,  the 
result  of,  the  state,  the  state  of  being,  the  thing,  or 
.  that  which. 

Dependence,  )  a  state  of  hanging  down  from  a  supporter ; 
Dependency,  )          reliance;  trust. 
Emergence,  7   the  act  of  rising  out  of,  as  out  of  water ; 
Emergency,  i          an  occurrence  not  expected. 
Contrivance,  the  act  of  planning ;  the  thing  planned. 
Compliance,  the  act  of  complying,  or  willingness. 
Navigation,  the  act  of  sailing,  or  state  fit  for. 
Union,  the  act  of  joining ;  or  state  of  being  joined. 
Progression,  the  act  of  -moving  forward ;  an  advance. 
Immersion,  the  act  of  plunging  into,  or  state. 
Concession,  the  act  of  yielding;  the  thing  yielded. 
Confinement,  the  state  of  being  confined. 
Debasement,  The  act  of  debasing,  or  a  state,  &c. 
Excitement,  the  act  of,  the  state,  or  that  which  excites. 
Consignment,  the  act  of  consigning,  or  thing  consigned. 
Amusement,  that  which  or  the  thing  which  amuses. 
ANT,  ENT — (when  the  word  is  a  noun)   imply    the  person 

who,  or  the  thing  which. 
ANT,  BNT — (when   the  word  is  an  adjective)   require  the 

defining  word  to  end  in  ing,  or  a  present  participle. 


40  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

NOUNS. 

Defendant,  the  person  who  defends. 
President,  the  man  who  presides  over. 
Deponed,  the  person  who  makes  a  deposition. 
Combated,  one  who  contends  with  another. 
Delinquent,  one  who  fails  to  do  his  duty. 
Suppliant,  one  who  entreats  submissively. 
[    Expectant,  one  who  waits  in  expectation  of. 
Inhabit<m£,  one  who  has  a  fixed  residence  in; 

ADJECTIVES. 

Refulgent,  shining,  or  castmg-  a  light. 
Cohered,  sticking,  or  cleaving  together, 
Co-incide^,  falling,  or  meeting  on  ths  same  point. 
Circumfluent,  Rowing  around  ;  surroundm^. 
Co-existed,  existmg-  at  the  same  time. 
Evanesced,  vanishm^;  passing  away. 
Indulged,  yielding  to  the  wishes  of  others. 
Kelucta?^,  striving  slightly  against ;  unwilling. 
AC,  ic,  AL,  ARY — denote  pertaining  to,  belonging  to,  relating 

to,  or  consisting  of. 

Demoniac,  pertaining  to  demons,  or  evil  spirits. 
Elegiac,  belonging  to  elegy.     (A  mournful  poem.) 
Orgamc,  pertaining  to  an  organ  or  organs, 
Domestic,  belonging  to  the  house,  or  home. 
Romantic,  pertaining  to  romance ;  fanciful. 
Acadermc,  belonging  to  an  Academy. 
ArteriaZ,  pertaining  to  an  artery  or  arteries. 
Imperial,  pertaining  to  an  Empire  or  Emperor. 
NominaZ,  pertaining  to  a  name  or  names. 
PatrimoniaZ,  pertaining  to  a  patrimony. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  41 

Provincial,  pertaining  to  a  province. 

Material,  consisting  of  matter ;   not  spiritual. 

Planetary,  pertaining  to  the  planets. 

Literary,  pertaining  to  letters,  or  literature. 

Numerar?/,  belonging  to  a  certain  number. 

Perusa/,  ^  the  ac£  of  perusing  or  reading  with  care. 

Refusal,  the  act  of  refusing,  or  denying. 

Removal,  the  act  Amoving  to  another  place. 

KenewaZ,  the  act  of  renewing  or  forming  anew. 
ATE — This  Suffix  requires  the  particle  to,  to  be  prefixed  to 
the  definer,  thus  : 

Illustrate,  to  make  clear ;  to  explain. 

Tolerate,  to  suffer  to  be  ;  to  allow ;  to  permit. 

Cultivate,  to  till ;  to  manure  ;  to  improve. 

Vindicate,  to  defend;  to  justify;  to  avenge. 

Exterminate,  to  destroy  utterly  ;  to  root  out. 

Obliterate,  t  to  efface  ;  to  expunge  ;  to  blot  out, 
DOM,  RIC — imply  jurisdiction,  or  possession. 

DakeoWz,  the  possessions  of  a  Duke. 

Kingdom,  the  territory  subject  to  a  king. 

Bishopric,  the  jurisdiction  of  a  Bishop. 
KN — 1st.     Denotes   made    of,    (when    suffixed   to    nouns.) 
2nd.  It  denotes  to  make,  (when  suffixed  to  adjectives.) 

1st.  Birchen,  made  of  birch  ;  or  consisting  of  birch. 

*  When  al  is  suffixed  to  a  word  which,  before  its  addition,  was  a 
verb,  it  denotes  the  act  of. 

t  Most  words  ending  in  ate  are  verbs,  and  may  very  generally  be 
denned  (like  the  above)  by  a  synonymous  verb  in  the  infinitive  mode. 
The  few"  of  that  termination  which  are  adjectives,  commonly  denote 
quality,  or  state  ;  as  Effeminate,  having  the  qualities  of  the  female 
sex.  Illiterate,  the  state  of  being  unlearned.  Some  few  are  nouns, 
as  Candidate. 

4* 


42  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Earths,  made  of  earth,  or  clay. 

Flaxen,  made  of  flax;  resembling  flax. 

Golden,  made,  or  consisting  of  gold ;  like  gold. 

Hempen,  made  of,  or  consisting  of  hemp. 

Waxen,  made  of,  or  consisting  of  wax. 

2ndJ  Brighter,  to  make  bright,  or  brighter. 

Soften,  to  make  soft,  or  softer. 

Sharpen,   to  make  sharp,  or  sharper. 

Weaken,  to  make  weak,  or  weaker. 

Strengthen,  to  make  strong,  or  stronger. 

Lengthen,   to  make  longer ;  to  extend. 
FUL,  OSE — imply  full  of,  or  abounding  with. 

Care/z/Z,  full  of  care ;  giving  good  heed. 

Fruit/wZ,  abounding  with  fruit ;  productive. 

Verbose,  abounding  with  words  ;  wordy, 

Playful,  hopeful,  spiteful,  distrustful,  operose,  &c. 
HOOD,  SHIP — denote  state,  office,  or  quality. 

ManAocd,  the  state  of  being  a  man. 

Woman/wo^,  the  state,  or  qualities  of  a  woman. 

Childhood,  the  state  of  being  a  child. 

Priesthood,  the  office  of  a  priest. 

Professors/^,  the  office  of  a  professor. 

Lordship,  the  state  or  quality  of  being  a  lord. 

~Partership,  a  state  of  connection  in  business. 

Hardihood,  the  quality  of  being  bold, 
IZE,  FY,  FIT,  FIC,  FERGUS — imply  to  make,  or   to  become- 
producing,  or  causing 

Equalize,  to  make  lawful,  to  authorize. 

LegaKze,  to  make  equal,  or  produce  equality. 

Tranquilzze,  to  make  calm,  or  peaceful. 

Crystalzze,  to  cause  to  form  crystals. 

Sanctify,  to  make  pure,  or  holy. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  43 

Simpli/y,  to  make  simple,  or  plain. 

Beauti/?/,  to  make  happy,  or  cause  to  be  happy. 

Solidify,  to  make  solid,  or  compact. 

Terri/£c,  causing  terror,  fear,  or  dread. 

Somni/£c,  producing  sleep. 

Caloric,  the  quality  of  producing  heat. 

Floriferous,  producing  flowers. 

Melliferous,  producing  honey. 

'Ba.ccrferous,  producing  berries. 
ITY,  CY — imply  the  state  of  lei?ig,  quality,  or  power. 

Steril^?/,  the  state  of  being  unproductive. 

Tranquil^,  the  state  of  being  calm ;  composed. 

Secure^,  a  state  of  being  secure ;  in  a  safe  state. 

Hostility,  the  state  of  war ;  or  private  enmity. 

Celibacy,  a  state  of  single  life  ;  unmarried. 

Supremacy,  the  state  of  being  supreme. 

Intimacy,  the  state  of  being  familiar  with. 

Elastic!^,  the  power  of  springing  back.^ 
ISH — implies  like  or  similar  to,   (when  suffixed  to  nouns  ;) 
but  suffixed  to  adjectives,  it  is  equivalent  to  some- 
what, implying,  in  some  degree. 

TO  NOUNS. 

Childish,  like  a  child,  or  similar  to  a  child. 
Foolish,  like  a  fool,  or  similar  to  a  fool. 
Brutish,  like  a  brute,  or  similar  to  a  brute. 
Clownish,  like  a  clown,  or  similar  to  a  clown. 
Boyish,  like  a  boy,  or  similar  to  a  boy. 
Mulish,  like  a  mule  ;  sullen ;  stubborn. 

*  Words  ending  in  ity,  may  be  well  defined  by  suffixing  ness,  to  a 
synonymous  definer.  Thus,  concavity,  hollowness  ;  celerity,  quick- 
Tim  ;  velocity,  swiftness  ;  temerity,  rashness  ;  acidity,  sourness  ; 
edacity,  greediness  ;  audacity,  boldness,  &c. 


44  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

TO    ADJECTIVES. 

Dampish,  somewhat  damp, 

Coolish,  somewhat  cool ;  or  in  some  degree. 

Greenish,  somewhat  green  ;  or  in  some  degree. 

SourM,  somewhat  sour ;  or  in  some  degree. 

DarkisA,  somewhat  dark  ;  dusky. 

Redish,*  somewhat  red ;  or  in  some  degree. 
IVE — implies  tending  to,  or  the  power  of;  relating  to,  or  the 
nature  of;  sometimes  containing,  or  quality. 

Delusive,  tending  to  deceive  ;  deceptive. 

Impressive,  tending  to  make  an  impression. 

Preventive,  tending  to  hinder ;  hindering. 

Dissuasive,  tending  to  dissuade,  or  turn  from. 

Subversive,  tending  to  subvert,  or  overthrow. 

Creative,  having  power  to  create,  or  make. 

Productz'z;e,  having  the  power  of  producing. 

Compulsi?;e,  having  power  to  compel. 

Diffusive,  having  the  quality  of  diffusing. 

Attractive,  having  the  quality  of  attracting. 

Destructive,  causi?ig  destruction. 

Exhortative,  containing  exhortation. 

Defective,!  containing  defects  ;  wanting, 
ics — implies  the  science,  doctrine,  or  art  of. 

Acoustics,  the  science  of  sounds,  teaching  their  cause. 

Optics,  the  science  which  treats  of  light. 

Ethics,  the  doctrine  of  morality  ;  moral  science. 

Technics,  the  doctrine  of  arts  in  general. 

*  In  a  few  instances,  ish  denotes  Nationality  ;  as  English,  Spanish, 
Danish,  Turkish,  Jewish,  &c. 

t  In  some  few  cases,  ive  denotes  a  person  ;  as  Executive,  the  man 
who  administers  the  Government.  Representative,  one  who  acts  as 
an  agent. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  %  45 

Pneumatics,  the  science  of  elastic  fluids ;  as  air. 
ILE — implies  pertaining  or  belonging  to  ;  easily. 

Puerile,  pertaining  to  boys,  or  youth. 

Juvenile,  pertaining,  or  suited  to  youth. 

Mercantz'Ze,  pertaining  to  commerce. 

InfantzZe,  pertaining  to  infancy,  or  an  infant. 

Docile,  easily  instructed;  teachable. 

Fragife,  easily  broken  ;  liable  to  fail ;  brittle. 

Flexile,  easily  bent ;  or  that  can  be  bent. 
ISM — implies  doctrines,  principles ,  or  state  ;  opinions,  prac- 
tice, or  peculiar  to. 

Calvinism,  the  doctrines  of  Calvin. 

Materialism,  the  doctrine  of  materialists. 

Puritanism,  the  principles  of  the  puritans. 

Deism,  the  doctrine  or  creed  of  a  Deist. 

Fatalism,  the  doctrine  of  fate,  or  necessity. 

Heathenism,  the  state  of  being  ignorant  of  God. 

Modernisms,  modern  practices  ;  recent. 

Gallicism,  peculiar  to  the  French  language. 

Anglicism,  peculiar  to  the  English  language. 
LESS. — denotes  without,  or  destitute  of. 

Hopeless,  without  hope,  or  destitute  of  hope. 

Fearte,  without  fear,  or  destitute  of  fear. 

Motionless,  without  motion  ;  at  rest. 

Comfortless,  without  comfort ;  miserable. 

Sleepless,  without  sleep ;  having  no  sleep. 
LY — denotes  like,  or  similar  to,  when  suffixed  to  a  noun. 
It  denotes  somewhat,  when  suffixed  to  an  adjective. 


46                                    ANALYSIS     OF     THE 
FIRST. TO  NOUNS. 

Saintly,  like  a  saint.  • 

ManZ?/,  like  a  man.     PrinceZ?/,  like  a  prince. 
FriendZ?/,  like  a  friend ;  similar  to  a  friend. 
CowardZ?/,  Zf&e  a  coward;  timid;  fearful. 
Neighbor^,  like  a  neighbor ;  kind  ;  civil. 

SECOND. — TO   ADJECTIVES. 

Blind/?/,  in  a  blind  manner. 
Proud  Zy,  in  a  proud  manner  ;  haughtily. 
SoberZ?/,  in  a  sober  manner  ;  seriously. 
PrudentZ//,  in  a  prudent  manner. 
GracefulZy,  in  a  graceful  manner. 
Quietly,  in  a  quiet  manner  ;  calmly. 
DiscreetZ?/,  in  a  discreet  manner  ;  prudently. 
Modest/?/,  in  a  modest  manner  ;  decently. 
NESS — denotes  an  abstract  quality*  or  a  state. 

Softness,  the  quality  of  easily  yielding  to  pressure. 
Limberaess,  the  quality  of  being  easily  bent. 
Manli?zm,  the  qualities  of  a  man ;  dignity. 
M.e\lowness,  the  quality  of  being  soft ;  softness. 
Bitterness,  the  quality  which  excites  a  biting  sense. 
Redness,  the  quality  of  being  red  ;  blood  color. 
Brightness,  the  quality  of  being  bright. 
Goodness,  the  quality  of  being  good. 
Sound/iess,  the  state  of  being  sound. 
FaintTzess,  the  state  of  being  faint. 
Lameness,  the  state  of  being  lame. 

*  Round,  is  having  the  form  of  a  circle  ;  and  roundness,  is  the 
abstract  quality  of  such  a  figure,  without  reference  to  any  th'ing  to 
which  it  applies,  whether  a  wheel,  a  globe,  an  apple,  or  whatever  may 
have  that  form. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  47 

Remoteness,  state  of  being  remote ;  far  off. 
ORY — denotes  containing,  tending  to,  a  place,  power  of, 

Mandatory,  containing  a  command. 

Explanatory,  containing  explanation. 

Promissory,  containing  a  promise. 

Admonitory,  containing  admonition. 

Inflammatory,  tending  to  inflammation. 

Consolatory,  tending  to  give  comfort. 

Derogatory,  tending  to  lessen  in  reputation. 

Observatory,  a  place  for  observation. 

Laboratory,  a  place  for  chemical  experiments. 

Depository,  a  place  where  deposits  are  made. 

Compulsory,  having  power  to  compel.  ^ 
ous — implies  containing,  partaking  of,  consisting  of,  full  of^ 
or  relating  to. 

Slandero&s,  containing  slander;  reproachful. 

Humorous,  containing  humor ;  exciting  laughter. 

Villaino&s,  partaking  of  villany ;  very  vile. 

Kesinows,  partaking  of  resin  ;  like  resin. 

Invidious,  partaking  of  envy  ;  provoking  envy. 

Amphibious,  partaking  of  two  natures. 

Ponderous,  partaking  of  weight ;  very  heavy. 

Murderous,  consisting  in  murder ;  cruel. 

Numerous,  consisting  of  numbers ;  many. 

'Bilious,  consisting  of  bile ;  partaking  of  bile. 

Miscellaneous,  consisting  of  various  topics. 

Clamoro&s,  full  of  noise  ;  vociferous ;  noisy. 

*  Words  ending  in  ory  as  a  svffix^  may  be  very  well  defined  by 
joining  ing  to  that  form  of  the  word  which  remains  after  dropping  ory, 
with  those  changes  of  letters  required  by  that  termination.  Thus  : 
Prohibitory,  prohibit^ ng ;  Declaratory,  declaring;  Explanatory,  ex- 
plaining ;  Promissory,  promising,  &c. 


48  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

Mischievous,  full  of  mischief;  inclined  to  injure. 
Tutnultuows,  full  of  tumult ;  disorderly. 
Populous,  full  of  people  ;  abounding  with  people, 
pip — implies  resembling. 

Varioloid,  a  disease  resembling  small  pox. 
Asterozd,  resembling  a  star ;  (a  small  planet.) 
Sphenoid,  resembling  a  wedge,  as  to  form. 
Typhoid,  a  fever  resembling  typhus  fever. 
SOME— denotes  possessing  a  degree  of,  quality  of,  or  causing. 
Handsome,  possessing  a  degree  of  beauty. 
Gladsome,  causing  a  degree  of  joy  ;  joyful. 
Troublesome,  causing  something  of  trouble. 
Burdensome,  causing  uneasiness,  or  fatigue. 
Wholesome,  possessing  a  healthful  quality. 
Wearisome,  causing  weariness,  or  fatigue. 
ED — Is  a  verbal  and  participial  termination,  implying  past 
time  of  action.     It  expresses  its  own  meaning,  yet 
may  sometimes  be  made  more  explicit   by  adding 
was  or  did,  to  the  past  tense  of  the  verb ;  as 
I  walked,  meaning  I  did  walk. 

ING — Is  a  participial  termination  implying  a  time  of  pro- 
gressive action,  and  may  be  rendered  with  direct 
reference  to  that  time,  continuing  to. 

ING. — Is  frequently  used  to  express  some  article,  or  thing ;  as 
Clothmo-,  Shipping. 

AST,  ER,  ESS,  El,  EER,  IAN,  1ST,  ITE,  IX,  OR,  RESS,  SAN,  ZEN. 

These  terminations  indicate  a  person  or  thing,  when  used 
as  suffixes ;  er,  however,  has  many  exceptions,  as  occurring 
in  the  comparison  of  adjectives.  Some  of  the  others,  also, 
have  a  few  exceptions  ;  ess  and  ix,  always  denote  the 
feminine  gender. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  49 

Baker,  one  whose  occupation  is  to  take. 
Enthusks£,  a  person  of  ardent  zeal  in  some  cause. 
Auctioneer,  the  person  who  sells  at  auction. 
Historic,  a  writer,  or  compiler  of  history. 
Poetess,  trustee,  morale's?,  paras^e,  executra,  instructor, 
seamstress,  artis^m,  denizen,  &c,,  denote  persons. 

NOTE.     AR,  ARD,  ADO,  STEja,  ATE,  and  oso,  in  some  few  cases, 
denote  a  person  ;  as 

Beggar,  drunkard,   bravado,   teamster,   candidate,  virtuoso,  &c., 
imply  persons. 
CLE,  ET,  KIN,  LING,  LET,  and  TILE,  in  many  cases,  imply — 

little,  or  young ;  as  in 

VersicZe,  a  little  verse  ;  turret,  a  little  tower ;  lambkin,  a 
little  lamb;   duckling,  a  little  duck;  Wet,  a  little  band; 
globwZe,  a  little  globe,  &c. 
ERY — (as  a  suffix)  frequently  implies  ; 
1st.  An  art,  or  practice ;   as  in 

Cookery,  quackery,  witchery,  surgery,  gunnery,  &c. 
2nd.  A  place  where  something  is  made,  or  done  ;  as 

Brewery,  fishery,  tannery,  grocery,  nursery,  &c. 
y — (as  a  suffix)  to  monosyllables,  denotes  some,  or  abund- 
ance of;  as  in 

Kainy,  some  rain,  or  abundance  of  rain,  &c. 
Grassy,  hilly,  sandy,  shady,  frosty,  marshy,  dewy,  fleshy, 

slimy,  faulty,  spicy,  curly,  shaggy,  &c. 
It  must  be  remembered,  that  the  foregoing  definitions  ^o 
the  Suffixes,  cannot  be  expected  precisely  to  meet  every  case 
in  the  language ;  but  from  careful  examination  of  some 
thousands  of  words,  it  is  believed  they  ivill  answer  all  the 
common  purposes  of  defining,  and,  generally,  enable  the 
pupil  dearly  to  perceive  the  several  modifications  of  import, 
produced  by  their  combinations  with  the  primitive  word. 

5 


ANALYSIS    OF    THE 


able  ible. 

ability  ibility          , 
ableness  ibleness.  ' 
ar^ce  ancy  ion      ) 
ence  ency  ment.  $ 
ant  ent. 

ac  ical  ary. 

dom  ric. 

en, 

ful  ose, 

hood  ship. 

ize  fy  fit  fie  ferous. 

ity  cy. 

ish  ly. 

ive. 

ics. 

ile. 

less. 

ness. 

ory. 

ous. 

s<£ne. 

ast  er  ess  ee  eer  ) 

ian  ist  ite  ix  or  V 

ress  san  zen.        J 

ar  ard  ado  ster  ate  ) 

oso.  ) 

kin  et  ling  let  ule. 


SECTION  VH. 

Synopsis  of  Suffixes. 

That  may  be ;  that  can  be,  &c. 
7    The  property  or  quality  capable  of  be-< 
\    ing ;  the  state  or  susceptibility  of  being. 

The  act  of ;  the  state ;  the  state  of 
being,  or  the  thing. 

The  person  who,  or  thing  which. 

Pertaining  to  ;  relating  to ; 
consisting  of,  &c. 

Jurisdiction ;  possession. 

Made  of,  or  to  make. 

Full  of;  abounding  with. 

State  ;  office ;  quality. 

To  make,  or  become. 

The  state  of  being ;  quality  ;  power. 

Like  ;  similar  to ;  somewhat. 

Tending  to  ;  relating  to ;  power  of. 

The  science,  doctrine,  or  art  of. 

Pertaining  to ;  easily. 

Without ;  destitute  of, 

The  abstract  quality,  or  state. 

Containing;  tending  to;  place. 

Containing;  partaking  of ;  full  of. 

Possessing  a  degree  of;  causing. 

Commonly  imply  the  person,  or  thing. 


Sometimes  denote  a  person. 
Little,  or  young. 


feNGLISH     LANGUAGE.  51 

SECTION  VIII. 

AN  exercise  to  test  the  knowledge  of  pupils,  in  giving  and  applying 
<a  correct  definition  to  the  foregoing  prefixes. 

1.  Let  the  teacher  pronounce  the  word  to  which  the  prefix  is  to  be 
joined,  and  give  its  signification. 

2.  Let  him  next  pronounce  the  word  with  its  prefix  joined,  and  ask 
the  pupil  what  it  now  means. 

3.  The  scholar  is  then  to  give  the  definition.     This  he  will  readily 
do,  if  he  knows  the  true  meaning  of  the  prefix. 

EXAMPLE. 

Teacher.  Potent  implies  having  power.  What  does 
Plenipotent  mean  ? 

Pupil.          Having  full  power. 

Teacher.     Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  pleni,  means  full,  and  potent,  having 
power. 

Teacher.     What  does  Omnipotent  mean  ? 

Pupil.          Having  all  power. 

Teacher.     Why  ? 

Pupil.         Because  omni  means  all. 

Teacher.     What  does  Impotent  mean  ? 

Pupil.         Not  having  power. 

Teacher.     Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  im,  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  ad- 
verbs, means  not. 

Frequently  exercising  the  pupils  on  the  following  Words, 
according  to  the  above  example,  will  render  them  familiar 
with  the  common  import  of  the  prefixes,  and  prompt  in 
their  just  application. 

EXERCISE. 

im  omni  pleni.  Potent,  having  power, 

mis  pre  re*  Judge,  to  form  an  opinion, 


52  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

ante  mis  post.  Date,  to  note  time. 

af  pre  post.  Fix,  to  set  or  place. 

ad  con  re.  Join,  to  unite. 

eireum  subter.  Fluent,  a  flowing. 

dis  en  un.  Able,  having  power  to  d6. 

cb  non  un.  Essential,  necessary. 

ec  geo  helio.  Centric,  pertaining  to  the  center. 

col  ob  sub.  Ligation,  the  act  of  binding. 

bi  equi  multi.  Lateral,  pertaining  to  the  side. 

derai  hemi.  Sphere,  a  globe  or  ball. 

Syllable,  a  combination  of  letters,  to 
dis  mono  poly.  be  uttered  by  one  impulse  of  the 

voice. 

auto  bio  geo.  Graphic,  a  writing  or  describing. 

a  pan  tri.  Theist,  a  believer  in  one  God. 

over  sur  un.  Charged,  loaded, 

ab  dis  e.  Ruption,  a  bursting ;  a  breach, 

eireum  per.  Ambulate,  to  walk, 

ep  juxta.  Position,  situation,  attitude. 

Petalous,     having     petals.      (Flower 

leaves.) 

trans  ultra.  Marine,  pertaining  to  the  sea, 

semidia  dia.  Meter,  a  measure, 

bi  mal  unr.  Form,  shape,  figure, 

mis  self  un.  Taught,  instructed, 

iride  de  pro.  Pendent,  hanging  from, 

chrono  hydro.  Meter,  a  measure, 

com  de  sup.  Press,  to  squeeze,  or  urge  by  force', 
deca  hexa  tetra.    '       Chord,  string  of  a  harp,  &c. 
did  en  re.  Close,  to  shut, 

mis  pre  self.  Opinion,  a  judgment  formed, 

bene  male.  Factor,  an  agent  or  doer^ 


ENGLISH  LANGUAGE.  £3 

SECTION  IX. 

Rules  for  Forming  Derivative  Words, 

RULE  1.      Final  e  must  be  dropped  before  the  addition 
t)f  a  syllable,  or  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 
blame  guide  recite  globe 

blamable          guidance         recital  globular 

Exception.     Words  ending  in  ge,  or  ce,  commonly  retain 
€  final,  before  able  and  ous  ;  as, 

peace  charge  change  notice 

peaceable          chargeable      changetz^e      noticec3Ze 
RULE  2.      Final  e  is  retained  before  ly,  l&ss,  ness,  ful> 
and  some  ;  and  generally  before  ment ;  as, 

wise  hope  base  peace 

wisely  hopeful  "baseness          peaceless 

state  blithe  noise  grace 

statement         \Aithesome       noiseZess          graceful 
Exception.     Awe,  argue,  due,  true,  lodge,  judge,  abridge, 
whole,  and  acknowledge,  do  not  retain  e,  as, 

awe  due  argue  awe 

awful  duly  argument        awless 

RULE  3.      When  the   letter  y  terminates  a  primitive 
word,  or  occurs  as  the  final  letter  in  any  of  the  derivative 
forms,  and  in  either  case  another  letter  or  suffix  is  added, 
y  is  commonly  changed  into  i,  except  before  ing ;  as, 
comely  fury  merry 

comeliTzew  furious  merriment 

mercy  jolly  holy 

merciful  jollity  holiness 

Exception  1.     y  is  sometimes  changed  into  e;  as, 
duty  beauty        »  pity  plenty 

\>eauteous 


54  ANALYSIS     OT    THE 

Exception  2.  When  y  is  preceded  by  a  vowel  in  the 

same   syllable,  (except   in  lay,  say,  pay,)  it  remains  un- 
changed, as, 

boy  betray                      annoy 

boyish  betrayed                  annoyance 

play  delay                        convey 

playing  delay  ing                  convey  able 

RULE  4.     y  is  never  changed  when  followed  by  ing  ;  as, 
fly  try  deny  comply 

ftying  trying  denying          complying 

RULE  5.  Verbs  ending  in  ie,  change  those  letters  into  y 
before  ing;  as, 

die  tie  vie  belie 

dying  tying  #2/ing  belling  , 

KULE  6.  Monosyllables,  and  words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  ending  with  a  single  consonant,  preceded  by  a 
short  vowel,  double  that  consonant  before  an  additional 
syllable,  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

gun  pet  rob  snap 

gunWr  petted  robber  snappish 

RULE  7.  Monosyllables  ending  with  a  single  consonant, 
preceded  by  a  digraph,  or  dipthong,  do  not  double  the 
consonant  in  their  derivatives ;  as, 

chief  clear  aid  ail 

chiefZy  clearZy  aiding  ailment 

Exception.  If,  in  forming  the  derivatives,  one  letter  of 
the  digraph  is  dropped,  the  consonant  is  sometimes  doubled  ; 
as,  appeal,  appellant ;  fail,  fallible. 

NOTE.  The  verbs  befall,  install*  miscall,  recall,  forestall,  in- 
thr all,  foretell,  distill,  instill,  fulfill,  retain  both  consonants.  Such 
words  as  end  in  dd,ff,  ss,  also  retain  both  in  their  derivatives  ;  as,  odd, 
oddwess;  stiff,  stift%;  bliss,  blissful ;  hiss, 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  65 

RULE  8.     When  t,  or  s,  precedes  e  final,  in  such  words 
as  admit  ion,  e  is  dropped  and  ion  added  ;  as, 

legate  promote  dilate  diffuse 

legation  promotion       dilation  diffusion 

NOTE.     Many  words  in  ate,  drop  te,  and  either  take  ble,  or  cy  •  aSj 
estimate  agitate  accurate  delicate 

estimate  agitable  accuracy  delicacy 

RULE  9.      y,  before   the   suffixes  ous,  al,  and  able,  is 
changed  to  i,  and  commonly  retained ;  as, 

rely  Deny  injury 

reliable  Denial  injurioi&s 

NOTE.    The  exceptions  are  few,  and  rarely  increase  the  number  of 
syllables  in  the  word,  as  mutiny,  mutinous. 

Rule  10.     Most  words  ending  infy  change  y  into  i,  and 
take  cation  ;  as, 

deify,  dislocation  fortify,  fortification 

Exceptions.     A  few  words  ending  infy,  drop  y,  and  take 
action  ;  as, 

stupefy,  stupefaction  tumefy,  tumefaction 

RULE  11»     Many  words  ending  in  ize,  drop  et  and  take 
ation  ;  as, 

legalize  civilize  generalize 

legalization  civilization  generalization 

Some  few  words  also  not  ending  in  ize,  take  ation  ;  as, 
sense  form  inflame 

sensation  formation  inflammation 


56  ANALYSIS  OF  THE 

SECTION  X. 

The  following  exercises  are  specimens  of  the  manner  in 
which  derivatives  are  formed.  The  hyphen  ( - )  shows  that 
each  suffix,  consecutively,  one  by  one,  is  to  be  united  with 
its  primitive,  or  the  word  thus  used>  thereby  forming  the 
several  derivatives ;  thus, 

Help-ed-er-ing-fuWess 

Mix-ed-er-ing 
And,  when  combined,  they  form  the  words, 

Helped;     Helper.     Helping.     Helpful.     Helpless. 

Mixed.      Mixer.      Mixing. 

f  NOTE.  The  termination  ed,  in  the  past  tense  and  participles  of 
Verbs,  retains  the  vowel  e,  in  this  work,  for  the  sake  of  showing  the 
orthography  ;  but  in  customary  pronunciation,  this  vowel  is  omitted* 
except  after  d,  and  t ;  as  in  mixed>  wished,  loved,  pronounced,  mixt, 
wisht,  lovd. 

1.  Exercise  in  forming  derivatives. 

Mix-ed-er-ing.  Talk-ed-er-ing. 

Wis-ed-er-ing.  Nail-ed-er-ing. 

2.  Exercise.   See  Rules  1st  and  2nd  with  their  exceptions* 

Bake-ed-er-ing.  Skate-ed-er-ing. 

Trade-ed-ering.  Taste-ed-er-ing. 

3.  Exercise.     See  Rule  1st. 

Ad  mire-able-ability.  Diffuse-able-ibility. 

4.  Exercise.     See  exception  2nd  under  Rule  3rd. 

Obey-ed-ing.  Annoy-ed-ing. 

Delay-ed-ihg.  Destroy-ed-ing. 

5.  Exercise.    Apply  Rule  3rd. 

Glory-ous-ously.  Melody-ous-ously. 

Envy-ous-ously.  Penury-ous-ously* 

6.  Exercise.    See  1st  exception  under  Rule  3rd. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE. 

Duty,  duteous.  Pity,  piteous. 

Beauty,  beauteous.  Plenty,  plenteous, 

7.  Exercise.     See  Rule  4tn. 

Try-ing.  Fly-ing.  Testify-ing. 

Cry-ing.  Fry-ing.  Satisfy-ing. 

8.  Exercise.     See  Rule  6th. 

Skim-mer-med.  Refer-red-ring. 

Rob-ber-bed-bing.  Concur-rent-rence, 

9.  Exercise.     See  Rule  7th. 

Chain-ed-ing.  Load-ed-ing. 

Rain-ed-ing.  Nail-ed-ing. 

10.  Exercise.     See  Rule  8th. 
Educate-ion.  Diffuse-ion^ 
Obligate-ion.  Confuse-ion, 

11.  Exercise.     See  note  under  Rule  8th. 
Separate-ble-bility.  Confederate-cy. 
Imitate-ble-bility.  Intimate-cy. 

12.  Exercise.     See  Rule  9th. 

Rely.  Deny.  Injury. 

Reliable.  Denial.  Injurious, 

13.  Exercise.     See  Rule  10th  and  its  exception. 
Purify-ed-cation.  Stupefy-action. 
Edify-ed-cation.  Putrefy-action. 

14.  Exercise.     See  Rule  llth. 
Moralize-ation.  Legalize-ation- 
Civilize-ation.  Realize-ation. 

See  under  Rule  11th. 

Sense-ation.  Form-ation. 

Inflame-mation,  Condemn-ation. 


58  ANALYSIS    OF   Tttfe 

SECTION   XL 

Classification  of  Suffixes. 

The  Suffixes  of  our  language  are,  to  a  great  extent, 
grouped  together  in  classes  of  similar  formations.  All 
Words,  however,  do  not  embrace  the  whole  family,  as  given 
below ;  but  such  as  are  taken,  are  members  of  it. 

A  few  exercises,  under  each  of  the  following  examples  in 
carrying  out  the  subjoined  words,  will  aid  scholars  in  the 
general  formation  of  derivatives. 

Fid  takes  some,  or  all  of  those  Suffixes  following  it,  as 
shown  by  No.  1;  and  the  same  is  true  of  other  classes. 

1 .  Ful-fully-f  ulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

2.  ish-ishly-ishness.  11.  ize-ized-ization. 

3.  ic-ical-ically.  12.  ate-ated-ating-ation. 

4.  able-ably-ableness.  13.  ed-edly-edness. 

5.  ible-ibleness-ibility.  14.  fy-fied-fying-fication. 

6.  ous-ously-ousness.  15.  ion-al-ality. 

7.  ive-ively-iveness.  16.  ory-orily. 

8.  ence-ent-ently.  17.  some-somely. 

9.  ed-er-ing.  18.  ist-ism. 

10.  ment-al-ary.  19.  en-ened-ening. 

EXAMPLES. 

1.  Hope-ful-fully-f ulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

Faith,  Health,  Art,  Care,  &c.,  are  formed  like  Hope. 

2.  Child-ish-ishly-ishness. 

Fool,  Slave,  Brute,  Clown,  &c.,  are  formed  like 
Child. 

3.  Method-ic-ical-ically. 

Poet,  Angel,  Alphabet  &c.  the  same  as  Method 

4.  Change-able-ably-ableness-ability. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  5 

Accept,  Commute,  Corrupt  &c.  same  as  Change. 

5.  Kesist-ible-ibly-ibility. 

Compress,  Defense,  contract  &c.  same  as  Resist. 

6.  Danger-ous-ously-ousness. 

Glory,  Slander,  Ruin  &c.  same  as  Danger. 

7.  Attract-ive-ively-iveness. 

Diffuse,  Oppress,  Coerce  &c.  same  as  Attract. 

8.  Depend-ence-ent-ently. 

Indulge,  Confide,  Differ  Src.  sa.me  as  Depend. 

9.  Muffle-ed-er-ing. 

Ramble,  Swindle,  Grumble  &c.  same  as  Muffle. 

10.  Aliment-al-ary. 

Element,  Supplement  &c.  same  as  Aliment. 

11.  Real-ize-ized-izing-ization. 

Civil,  Human,  Moral  &c.  same  as  Real. 

12.  Obligate-ed-ing-ion. 

Indicate,  Accelerate  &c.  same  as  Obligate. 

13.  Confuse-ed-edly. 

Conceit,  Content,  Refine  &c.  same  as  Confuse. 

14.  Clarify-ed-ing-cation. 

Gratify,  Modify,  Sanctify  &c.  same  as  Clarify. 
}5.  Nation-al-ality. 

Constitution-al-ality. 

16.  Contradict-ory-orily. 

Compel,  Derogate  &c.  same  as  Contradict. 

17.  Trouble-some-somely-someness. 

Delight,  Loathe,  Toil  &c.  same  as  Trouble. 

18.  Method-ist-ism. 

Federal,  Formal,  Roman  &c.  same  as  Method. 

19.  Sharp-en-ened-ening. 

Sweet,  Soft,  Hard,  Quick  &c.  same  as  Sharp. 


60  ANALYS1SOFTHE 

SECTION  XII. 

Special   Rules  for   the   Prefixes,  which  must  "be  distinctly 
understood,  both  by  the  Teacher  and  the  Student. 

MANY  words,  so  far  as  respects  the  English  language, 
are  primitives  ;  yet  in  that  language  from  which  they  are 
derived,  they  are  either  compound,  or  derivative  words. 
Such,  especially,  are  words  of  Greek  and  Latin  origin. 
For  example,  Abscond,  so  far  as  our  language  alone  is 
concerned,  is  a  primitive  word,  because  we  have  no  such 
English  word  as  scond.  But  in  the  Latin,  from  which  it 
is  derived,  the  word  is  a  compound,  from  the  preposition 
abs,  con  and  do.  Also  Advert,  in  English,  is  primitive,  but 
in  Latin,  from  which  it  is  derived,  it  is  compounded  of  ad^ 
meaning  to,  and  Verto,  to  turn.  Hence  Advert  signifies 
to  turn  to.  Suppose  the  word  to  stand  thus  :  a-re-Ad,vert. 
Now  take  away  ad,  and  substitute  a,  which  is  another  Latin 
preposition,  and  it  becomes  J.,vert,  and  literally  means  to 
turn  away.  Again  drop  a,  and  substitute  re  in  its  place, 
and  it  becomes  -Re,vert,  signifying  to  turn  back,  Hence  it 
must  not  be  forgotten  by  the  student,  that  in  all  cases,  when 
one  prefix  is  to  be  dropped  and  another  substituted  in  its 
place,  the  primitive  words  will  be  printed  thus  :  Con,vert, 
Ac,cord,  Exclude,  De,flect;  and  that  part  of  the  word 
which  precedes  the  comma  must  be  dropped,  when  another 
prefix  is  to  be  used. 

EXAMPLE. 
AT-DIS-DE-RE-PRO.       CoN,TRACT,    TO   DRAW   TOGETHER. 

Now  drop  con,  and  substitute  pro,  and  it  becomes-  Pro- 
tract, to  draw  out.  Again  drpp  pro,  and  substitute  re,  and 
it  forms  jRetract,  to  draw  back.  In  the  same  manner,  de 


ENGLISH     LANG  IT  AGE.  61 

forms  .Detract,  to  draw  away  from.  Also,  dis  makes  De- 
tract, to  draw  apart,  or  separate  ;  and  at  forms  J^tract,  to 
draw  to,  or  unite. 

When  no  part  of  the  primitive  word  is  separated  by  a 
comma,  the  combination  is  simply  to  drop  one  prefix,  and 
join  another. 


SECTION  XIII. 

Manner  of  Defining. 

WE  will  now  endeavor  to  explain,  in  a  familiar  way,  the 
manner  of  defining  words  by  their  prefixes  and  suffixes. 
And  it  is  simply  to  speak  out  the  primitive  signification  in 
connection  with  the  separate  import  of  such  prefixes  and 
suffixes  as  constitute  the  whole  word.  Take  flame,  which 
is  the  primitive,  and  means  fire.  Now  in,  as  a  prefix,  makes 
/aflame,  and  increases  the  import  of  the  primitive  word, 
and  literally  means  to  put  fire  in,  or  to  set  on  fire.  Again, 
Inflammable — able,  means  capable  of,  or  capable  of  being  ; 
hence  join  capable  of  being,  to  the  meaning  of  in  and 
flame,  and  the  whole  spoken  out  is,  capable  of  being  set  on 
fire.  Now  let  it  stand  Inflammability,  ability  means  the 
quality  capable  of  being.  This  expression  being  joined  in 
like  manner  to  what  Inflame  means,  will  be  Iraflamma- 
bility,  the  quality  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Next  add 
the  second  prefix  and  let  it  be  uninflammable,  and  speak 
out  the  meaning  of  un  with  what  Inflammable  means,  and 
the  whole  expression  will  be,  Uninflammable,  not  capable 
of  being  set  on  fire.  Again,  take  Uninflammableness  ; 
ableness  means  the  property  capable  of  being.  Now  pro- 
6 


62  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

nounce  the  whole  import,  and  Uninn&mmableness  literally 
signifies,  the  property  not  capable  of  being  set  on  fire. 
Take  Delude,  signifying  to  deceive,  and  it  forms, 

Deluder,  the  person  who  deceives. 

Delusion,  the  act  of  deceiving. 

Delusive,  tending  to  deceive. 

Redeem  signifies  to  ransom,  ir  means  not,  and  able, 
capable  of  being.  Then  Irredeemable  means  not  capable 
of  being  ransomed. 

Join  is  a  primitive  word,  and  signifies  to  unite.     Let  it 
stand  thus  with  its  prefixes  : 
ad-con-re-un-dis-sub-mis-se-inter-Join. 

ad  means  to ;  con,  with,  together  with ;  re,  again ;  un, 
not ;  dis,  parting ;  mis,  wrong ;  se,  separation  ;  sub,  under ; 
inter,  between.  Then,  Adjoin,  is  joining  to.  Conjunction, 
is  the  act  of  joining  with.  Reconjunction,  the  act  of  joining 
with  again.  Unconjoined,  not  joined  with  or  together.  Re- 
joined, was  joined  again.  Unjoined,  was  not  joined.  Dis- 
join, parting  what  was  joined.  Subjoin,  to  join  under. 
Misjoin,  to  join  wrong.  Sejoined,  separated.  Interjoin- 
ing,  continuing  to  join  between. 

'Hope  implies  expectation,  then  Hope/?/Z,  full  of  expecta- 
tion.    Hopeless,  without  hope  or  expectation. 

The  primitive  word  must  in  all_  cases  be  learned ;  then 
speak  out  this  primitive  signification  in  connection  with 
what  all  its  component  parts  mean,  and  you  have  the  pre- 
cise analytic  import  of  the  entire  word.  A  little  care- 
ful exercise  will  render  it  perfectly  familiar,  and  give  the 
student  an  entire  and  ready  command  of  language,  and 
an  instantaneous  mental  perception  of  the  true  import  of 
words,  written  or  spoken. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  63 

SECTION  XIV. 

Different  import  of  certain  prefixes. 

Most  of  the  prefixes  are  uniform  in  their  distinctive 
character  of  import,  while  a  few  are  used  in  two  or  more 
senses,  widely  different ;  such  are  im,  in,  it,  ir,  &c. 

These  prefixes,  more  generally,  when  united  to  verbs, 
increase  or  strengthen  the  original  meaning  of  the  primitive 
words;  as  Im  press,  In  fold,  11  luminate,  Irradiate.  In 
each  case  additional  force  is  given  .to  press,  fold,  luminate 
and  radiate,  by  prefixing  im,  in,  il  and  ir.  But  when  the 
same  prefixes  are  united  to  adjectives,  and  occasionally  to 
some  other  parts  of  speech,  they  entirely  reverse  or  change 
the  primitive  signification,  as  Im  possible,  In  sensible,  Il- 
legible, Ir  rational.  The  words  now  mean  the  same  as 
not  possible,  not  sensible,  not  legible,  and  not  rational. 

As  this  work  is  specially  designed  to  aid  English  schol- 
ars who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  consequent- 
ly could  not  trace  out  very  remote  derivations,  it  was 
thought  advisable,  for  their  benefit,  to  accomodate  the  ar- 
rangement in  this  respect,  to  their  understandings,  by  giving 
those  words  whose  signification  is  greatly  expanded,  under 
different  heads,  or  repeating  -the  root,  in  connection  with 
such  prefixes,  as  in  each  case  would  best  correspond  with 
the  several  primitive  meanings. 

For  example  :  An,nounce  signifies  to  publish  or  declare 
to,  and  in  natural  connection  is  pi'ouoimce.  But  Re,nounce, 
means  to  disown,  or  reject,  and  in  accordance  with  this,  is 
denounce;  yet  both  words  have  the  same  root.  Also 
instruct,  to  teach,  construe,  to  translate,  structure,  a  build- 
ing, obstruct,  to  block  up,  and  destroy,  to  pull  down,  are 


64  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

from  the  same  root,  struo,  to  build.  All  these  words  have 
corresponding  prefixes,  and  when  relatively  arranged,  the 
whole  becomes  perfectly  intelligible  to  the  English  scholar. 
The  scholar  must  remember  that  some  of  the  prefixes, 
and  especially  un,  rarely  combine  with  the  primitive  word 
till  it  has  assumed  some  of  its  derivative  forms ;  as  Faith 
cannot  be  zmfaith,  but  unfaithful. 

A  little  observation  will  afford  the  best  guide  on  this 
point.  Re  and  un  are  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  participles 
almost  at  pleasure ;  and  are  not  always  inserted  in  this  work 
where  they  might  be  used  with  propriety. 

It  is  now  thought  the  Prefixes  have  been  explained  so 
clearly,  that  no  scholar,  who  wishes  to  understand  and 
apply  them  correctly,  need  mistake,  although  he  may  not  be 
under  the  care  of  any  teacher. 

Scholars  will  derive  much  benefit  in  defining  words  by 
understanding  the  parts  of  speech.  These  may  generally 
be  known  by  the  termination  or  suffix,  thus  : 

Verbs  are  indicated  by  —  fy,  ize. 

Verbs,  participles  or  adjectives  by  —  ate,  ed,  en. 

Participles,  adjectives  or  nouns  by  —  ing. 

Nouns  or  adjectives  by  —  ant,  ent,  ory,  er. 

Nouns  by — ableness,  ibleness,  ability,  ibility,  ance,  ancy, 
ence,  ency,  ion,  ity,  ism,  age,  dom,  hood,  ric,  ship,  cy,  i.st, 
ics,  ment,  ure,  ness. 

Adjectives  by  —  able,  ible,  ac,  al,  ful,  ic,  ive,  ish,  ile,  less, 
lar,  ous,  fie. 

Adverbs  by  —  ably,  ibly,  antly,  ently,  ately,  ally,  fully, 
ively,  ingly,  edly,  ishly,  lessly,  ously,  somely,  urely,  orily. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  65 

SECTION  XV. 

An  Exercise  in  Combining  Prefixes. 

Directions.  When  no  separation  of  any  part  of  the  word 
to  be  defined  is  made  by  a  comma,  each  prefix,  one  by  one, 
is  to  be  joined  to  the  entire  word ;  and  when  such  word  has 
been  defined  by  one  prefix,  drop  that  and  take  another  ; 
thus, 

mal-mis.     Formation,  the  act  of  forming. 

JkZwformation,  a  wrong  formation, 
information,  a  bad  formation. 

Let  the  pupil  read  the  following  words  with  their  several 
definitions,  then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  give  the 
import,  as  thus  modified. 

mis  re.  Apply,  To  lay  on  ;  to  fit ;  to  be  busy, 

mis  re.  Alledge,  To  declare,  affirm,  or  assert, 

dis  re.  Appear,  To  come  in  sight ;  obvious  to  the  mind, 

mis  re.  Call,  To  name  or  summon, 

octa  hexa.       Chord,  String  of  a  musical  instrument, 
in  over.  Elegant,  Polished ;  polite ;  refined, 

pre  re.  Engage,  To  promise  to  do. 

co  un.  Equal,  Of  similar  dimensions, 

bene  male.      Factor,  A  doer  of  something ;   an  agent, 
il  over.  Liberal,  Of  a  free  heart ;  generous, 

im  over.          Modest;  Sense  of  propriety ;  not  bold, 
ante  post.        Position,  A  place  or  situation, 
over  re.  Supply,  To  furnish  what  is  wanted* 

dis  re.  Unite,  To  join  or  put  together, 

en  un.  Sure,  Certain,  firm,  infallible, 


66  ANALYSISOFTHE 

SECTION  XVI. 

THE  following  explanation  of  the  arrangement  in  subse- 
quent sections,  indicating  derivative  formations  by  prefixes 
and  suffixes,  should  be  made  perfectly  familiar. 

1.  The  prefixes  are  placed  in  the  margin,  or  in  a  line  from 

the  margin  on  the  left  of  the  words  with  which  they 
are  to  combine  ;  thus, 

re- Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible ;  or  thus, 
com-de-ex-im-op-Position,  place  or  station. 

2.  After  the   definition   is  given,  the   word  is  commonly 

repeated  with  some,  or  all  of   its  suffixes,  separated 
from  each  other  by  hyphens ;  thus, 
re-Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible. 
Appear-ed-ing-ance. 

3.  After   the   last  suffix  following  the  word,  is  a  period, 

showing  the  end  of  the  foregoing  formations ;    then 
follows  the  word  again,  (if  necessary  to  be  repeated,) 
with  its  prefix  italicised,  and  its  suffixes  subjoined  as 
above;  thus, 
re-Appear,  to  be  in  sight,  cf-c. 

Appear-ed-ing-ance.     reappear-ed-ing-ance. 

4.  When  the  word  is  not  repeated,  the  prefix  is  italicised 

and  followed  by  a  caret.     If  a  period  follow  the  caret, 
thus,  reA.  the  caret  shows   the  place  of  the   word  to 
which  the  prefix  is  to  be  added,  and  the  period  shows 
that  no  suffix  is  to  be  used  ;  thus, 
re-Appear-ed-ing-ance.     reA.     meaning,  reappear. 

5.  A  suffix  after  the  caret;  thus,  reAed,  denotes  the  forma- 

tion to  be  reappeared. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  67 

6.  If  a  period  follow  the  caret,  and  a  hyphen  follow  the 
period,  thus,  reA.-ed,  it  shows  the  first  formation  to  be 
reappear ;  and  the  second^  reappeared. 

Examples,    illustrating    the    combinations    indicated    by  the    several 
characters  used  in  this  work. 

ARRANGEMENT    AND    CHARACTERS. 

1.  re.  Appear-ed-ance. 

2.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA. 

3.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reAed. 

4.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reAed-ance. 

5.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA.-ed. 

6.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  reA.-ed-ance. 

COMBINED  THUS  : 

1.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance. 
.Reappear,  reappeared,  reappearance. 

2.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappear. 

3.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappeared. 

4.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappeared,  reappearance, 

5.  Appear,  appeared,  appearance,  reappear,  reappeared. 

6.  Appear,   appeared,    appearance,    reappear,   reappeared, 
reappearance. 

ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed.     reA.  misA.  postA.  anteA. 
COMBINED. 

Date,  dated,  redate,  misdate,  postdate,  antedate. 
Compress,  The  act  of  pressing  together.-ed-ing-ion. 

Implies,  Compress-ec! -ing-ion. 

A  correct  understanding  of  what  is  indicated  by  reA.  and 
reA.-ed  is  indispensably  necessary. 

With    the    above    word,   reA.    denotes    reappear;    and 
reA.-ed,   reappear,  reappeared. 

>*   0*  THF        *£^ 


68  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

SECTION  XVII. 

An  exercise  in  forming  derivations  without  defining, 
un.     Blind,  Destitute  of  the  sense  of  seeing. 

COMPONENT    PAETS. 

Blind-ed-ing-ly-ness.     un±  ed. 

COMBINED. 

Blinded,  Blindmo-,  Blincl^,  Bl'md?iess. 

Unhliuded. 
un.     Bless,  To  express  a  desire  to  make  happy. 

Bless-ed-edly-edness.     un,,  ed. 

Blessed,  Blessedly,  Blessedness,  Unblessed- 
un.     Class,  An  order,  or  rank  of  persons  ;   a  number  of 

students;  a  scientific  division. 

Class-ic-ical-ify-ified^-ification.     unA  ed-ical. 

Classic,   Classical,  Classify,  Classified,  Classification. 

Unclassed,  Unclassical.     (^See  Rule  9.) 
un.     Doubt,  To  waver  in  opinion ;  to  hesitate. 

Doubt-ed-ful-fully-fullness-less.       un^  ed-edly. 

Doubted,  Doubtful,   Doubtfully,  Doubtfulness. 

Undoubted,  Undoubtedly,  Undoubting. 
in.     Fail,  To  become  deficient;  to  decay;  to  desert. 

Fail-ed-ing-ure,     unA  ing. 

Failed,  Failing,  Failure,  Unfailing. 
un.     Faith,  Belief ;  trust ;  assent  of  the  mind. 

Faith-ful-fully-fulness-less.     unA  ful-fulness. 

Faithful,  Faithfully,   Faithfulness,   Unfaithful. 
re.     Fund,  Stock  or  capital ;  increase  ;  money, 

Fund-ed-less.     reA  ed-ing. 

Funded,  Fundte,  Refunded,  Refunding. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  69 

SECTION  XVIII. 

Form,  but  not  define;  such  formations  as  are  not  carried  out  on  this 
page,  the  scholar  must  supply. 

un.     Harm,  To  damage  or  injure,  Damage. 

Harm-ful-fully-less-lessly-lessness.     zmAed. 

Harm/kZ,  Harm/kZZy,  HarmZm,  Unharmed. 
un.     Health,  That  state  in  which,  all  parts  of  a  living  body 

Health-y-ily-iness-less-ful-fully-fulness.      [are  sound. 
&?zAy-ily-iness-ful-fully-fulness. 

Healthy,  Healthily,^  Healthiness,  Unhealthy, 
un,     Heed,  To  mind;  to  regard  with  care. 

Heed-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     zmAed-ing. 

Heeded,  Heedful,  Heedless,  Unheeded,  Unheeding. 
un.     Learn,  To  gain  knowledge ;  to  acquire  skill. 

Learn-ed-er-ing-edly.     unA  ed-edly. 

Learned,  Learner,  Learnm^,  Unlearned. 
un.     Need,  Want ;  necessity  for  something. 

Need-y-ily-less-lessly-ful-fully.     unA  ed-ful. 

Needy,  Needilyj*  Needless,  Unneeded,  Unneedful. 
un.     Pain,  Any  uneasy  sensation ;  disquietude. 

Pain-ful-fully-fulness-ed.     unA  ed-ful. 

Pain/^Z,  Painfully,  Unpaired,  Unp&mful. 
un.     Skill,  Familiar  knowledge   of  any  Art  or   Science, 
united  with  dexterity  in  its  application. 

Sldll-ful-fully-fulness.     unA  ed-ful-fully. 

Skill>Z,  Skil\fulness,  Unskilled,  Unskillful. 
un.     Scorn,  Extreme  contempt ;  to  despise. 

Scorn-ed-er-ful-fully-fulness-ing.     unA  ed. 

Scorned,  Scorner,  Scornm^,  Unscomed. 

*  See  Rule  3. 


70  AN  A  LYSIS     OF   THE 

SPECIAL   DIRECTION. 

In  some  few  instances,  the  first  hyphen  cuts  off  certain  letters  which 
are  essential  to  the  formation  of  a  legitimate  word  ;  thus,  Digni-ty. 
Legi-ble.  Palp-able. 

This  division  is  made  simply  for  convenience  in  forming  other 
derivatives.  By  preserving  such  letters  only  as  undergo  no  change  in 
the  radical  part,  other  suffixes  can  he  added  in  the  uniform  manner. 

Hence,  it  must  be  distinctly  recollected,  that  when  a  word  is  so 
divided  by  a  hyphen,  as  to  be  incomplete  without  adding  that  part  so 
cut  off,  the  first  letter  of  such  part,  is  a  small  capital ;  thus,  Digni-Ty ; 
Legi-sle  ;  Palp-Able  ;  showing  that,  xy,  file,  and  Able,  must,  in 
each  case,  be  added  to  the  radical  part  to  form  a  legitimate  word  ; 
thus,Digni-TY-fy-fied-fication;  forming  Dignity,  Dignify,  Dignified,  &c. 


SECTION  XIX. 

Forming  Derivatives  and  defining  them. 

EXAMPLE. 

un.    Alarm,  To  arouse  by  fear ;  an  out-cry. 

COMPONENT   PARTS. 

Alarm-ed-ing-ingly-ist.     unA  ed. 

COMBINED   AND   DEFINED. 

Alarmed,  Avas  alarmed,  or  aroused. 
AlarrmV^,  causing  alarm. 
A]arminglyt  in  an  alarming  manner. 
Unclaimed,  was  not  alarmed. 
un.     Blame,  To  censure  ;  to  find  fault  with. 

Blame^-ed-er-ful-less  lessly-able.     unAed. 
Blamed,  did  blame  or  was  blamed. 
Blamer,  one  who  blames,  or  finds  fault. 
Blame/wZ,  full  of  blame ;  faulty. 

*See  Rule  1st. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  71 

Blamete,  without  blame  or  fault. 

Blamelessfy,  in  a  blameless  manner. 

~B\a.melessness,  the  state  of  being  blameless. 

Blam#3Ze,  that  may  be  blamed. 
in.      Dignity,  True  honor,  nobleness ;  rank. 

Digni-xy-fy-fied^-fication.     in^ty.     unjied. 

Dignify,  to  make  honorable ;  to  honor, 

Dignified,  was  made  honorable. 

Dignification,  the  act  of  making  honorable. 

Indignity,  treating  with  dishonor. 

Undignified,  was  not  dignified, 
im.     Method,  A  suitable  arrangement ;  order. 

Method-ic-ical-ist-ism.     i?nAco.l- 

Methodic,  pertaining  to  method. 

Method^coZ,  pertaining  to  method. 

Method^w,  the  doctrines  of  Methodists. 

Method^,  a  professor  of  Methodism. 

Immethodical,  not  having  method* 
in.     Opulent,  Wealthy,  rich. 

Opul-Ent-ence.     inAent- 

Opulence,  wealth,  riches. 
Inopulent,  not  wealthy ;  not  rich, 
in.   Approach,  To  draw  near  ;  to  advance. 

Approach-ed-ing-able-     z'^Aable.     unAed- 

Approached,  did  approach,  or  draw  near. 

Approachmg-,  continuing  to  draw  near, 
that  may  be  approached. 
,  that  may  not  be  approached. 

U^approachec?,  was  not  approached. 

*  See  Rule  10. 


72  ANALYS1SOFTHE 

SECTION  XX. 

il      Legal,  According  to  law ;  lawful. 

Legal-ly-ity-ize-ized-izing.     ttjty. 

Legally,  in  a  legal  manner ;  lawfully. 

"Legality,  lawfulness ;  state  of  being  lawful. 
*  Legalize,  to  make  lawful. 

Legalized,  was  made  lawful. 

Legalizing,  making  lawful. 

IZlegal,  not  lawful. 

Illegality,  unlawfulness, 
il.      Legible,  That  may  or  can  be  read. 

Legi-Ble-bly-bility.     a7Able-bly. 

Legibly,  in  a  legible  manner. 

'Legibility ',  The  state  or  quality  of  being-  legible. 

Illegible,  not  legible ;  that  cannot  be  read. 

Illegibility,  the  quality  of  being  z'Zlegible. 
im.     Palpable,  Perceptible  by  the  touch. 

Palp-Ably-ability-ableness.     imAably. 

Palpa^Zy,  in  a  manner  perceptible  by  touch. 

Palpability,  the  quality  of  being  perceptible. 

Impalpably,  not  to  be  perceived  by  touch. 
un.     .Real,  Actual  existence ;  true,  genuine. 

Real-ity-ize-ized-ization.     unjzed- 

Reality,  the  state  of  being  real. 

Realize,  to  make  real,  or  effective. 

Realized,  was  made  real. 

Realization,  the  act  of  making  real. 

Unrealized,  was  not  realized, 
un.     Subdue,  To  conquer  by  force ;  to  overcome. 

Subdue-ed-ing.     unAed- 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  73 

SECTION  XXI. 

PRESS  A  primitive  word  ;  signifies  to  press  or 

urge   by  weight.      From  Premo, 
pressum,  to  press. 

Press  er  the  person  who  presses. 

Press  ure  the  result  of  pressing. 

Press  ed  did  press  or  was  pressed. 

Press  ing  continuing  to  press. 

Press  ion  the  act  of  pressing. 

Press  ing  ly        in  a  pressing  manner. 
Over  press  to  press  too  much. 

Counterpress  ure        opposite  pressure. 
Com  press  to  press  together. 

Com  press  ed  was  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  together. 

Com  press  ing  continuing  to  press  together. 

Com  press  ible  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ure  the  result  of  being  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ibil  ity      the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed 

together,  or  the  capacity. 

Com  press  ible  ness   the  property  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing pressed  together. 

Un  com  press  ed        was  not  pressed  together. 
Un  com  press  ible      not  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 
In  com  press  ibil  ity  the  quality  not  capable  of  being  press- 
ed together. 

Re  press  to  press  again,  put  down,  or  subdue. 

Re  press  ed  was  pressed  again,  or,  &c. 

Re  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  again,  &c. 

Re  press  ive  tending  to  press  again,  &c. 

Re  press  ing          continuing  to  press  again,  &c. 


/4  ANALYSISOFTHE 

Re  press  er  the  person  who  presses  again,  &c. 

Re  press  ive  ly  in  a  repressive  manner. 

Ir  re   press  ible  not  capable  of  being  pressed  again,  &c. 

De  press  to  press  down,  or  bear  down. 

De  press  ed-7  was  pressed  down. 

De  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  down. 

De  press  or  the  person  who  presses  down. 

De  press  ible  capable  of  being  pressed  down. 

De  press  ing  continuing  to  press  down. 

Ex  press  to  press  out,  or  utter  by  words. 

Ex  press  ed  was  uttered  by  words,  or,  &c. 

Ex  press  ion  the  act  of  uttering  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ible  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

Ex  press  ive  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ing  continuing  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ly  in  an  express  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ly  in  an  expressive  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ness    the  property  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing uttered  in  words. 

In  ex  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

In  ex  press  ive  not  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

In  ex  press  ibly  in  an  inexpressible  manner. 

In  ex  press  ibility  the  quality  not  capable  of  being  ut- 
tered by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ed  was  not  uttered  by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

Tin  ex  press  ive  not  tending  to  express  by  words. 

Im  press  to  press  in,  or  imprint. 

Im  press  ed  was  pressed  in,  &c. 

Im  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ing  continuing  to  press  in,  &c. 

Im  press  ive  tending  to  press  in. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  75 

Im  press  ure  the  result  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ible  capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

Im  press  ment  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ive  ly  in  an  impressive  manner. 

Im  press  ive  ness  the  property  capable  of  being  pressed 
in,  or  capacity,  &c. 

Im  press  ibil  ity  the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed  in, 

He  im  press  to  press  in  again,  &c. 

Re  im  press  ed  was  pressed  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  in  again-, 

Re  im  press  ing  continuing  to  press  in  again, 

Un  im  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  in. 

Op  press  to  press  against,  to  bear  down. 

Op  press  ed  was  pressed  against,  or,  &c. 

Op  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  against,  &C-. 

Op  press  or  the  person  who  presses  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ing  continuing  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  ly  in  an  oppressive  manner. 

Op  press  ive  ness  the  quality  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

In  op  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Sup  press  to  press  under  or  to  bring  under. 

Sup  press  ed  was  pressed  under,  &c. 

Sup  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  under. 

Sup  press  or  the  person  who  presses  under. 

Sup  press  ing  continuing  to  press  under. 

Sup  press  ive  tending  to  press  under. 

In  sup  press  ion  not  pressing  under. 

In  sup  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  pressed  under, 

Un  sup  press  ed  was  not  pressed  under. 


76  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION    XXII. 

Form  and  Define  the  Derivative  Words. 

EXAMPLE. 

un.     Mild,  Soft,  gentle,  moderate,  calm. 

Mild-ly-ness.     zmA.-ness. 

Mild,  soft,  gentle,  calm. 

MildZ?/,  in  a  mild  manner. 

Mildness,  the  quality  of  being  mild. 

tfomild,  not  mild. 

Urimildness,  the  qualify  of  being  unmild, 
tfn.     Bleach,  To  whiten  or  make  white. 

Bleach-ed-er-ing.     nnAed. 
tin.     Blush,  To  redden  in  the  cheeks. 

Blush-ed-ing.     zmjng. 
un.     Blend,  To  mix,  or  mingle  together. 

Blend-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
wn,     Bail,  To  set  free  from  arrest ;  to  dip  out  water, 

Bail-ed-er-able.     un^ed. 
un.     Blight,  To  blast ;  a  disease  of  plants, 

Blight-ed-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Clasp,  To  close  in  the  hand. 

Clasp*ed-er-ing.     ?^?^Aed. 
un.     Coil,  To  gather  in  a  circle,  as  a  rope, 

Coil-ed-ing.     un^-ed. 
un.     Curb,  To  restrain ;  the  fence  of  a  well. 

Curb-ed-ing.     zmA.ed. 
sub.    Chant,  To  sing;    to  celebrate  in  song. 

Chant-ed-er-ing.     sub^er. 
un.     Furl,   To  draw  up,  or  contract ;  as  sails. 

Furl-ed-er-ing.     ^^A.-ed-ing. 

un,     Foil,  To  frustrate ;   to  defeat ;  to  render  vain, 
Foil-ed-er-ing.     un^A. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  77 

out.   Frown,  To  knit  the  brow ;   to  repel  by  a  stern  look. 

Frown-ed-ing-ingly.     out^ 
un.     Grunt,  To  allow  ;  to  yield  ;  to  give  ;  to  concede. 

Grant-ed-ing-or.     un&ed* 
un.     Greet,  To  salute ;  to  address  with  kind  wishes, 

Greet-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
mis.    Lead,  To  guide  by  the  hand ;  to  induce. 

Lead-er-ing.     mis^-ing. 
re.       Loan,  The  act  of  lending  ;  that  which  is  lent. 

Loan-ed-ing,     reA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Maim,  To  disable  ;  to  injure ;  to  make  a  cripple. 

Maim-ed-ing,     unAed. 
un.     Quench,  To  extinguish ;  to  put  out. 

Quench-ed-ing.     zmAable-ably. 
un.     Quell,  To  subdue ;  to  quiet  or  restore  peace. 

Quell-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Screen,  To  shelter;  to  sift  or  riddle;  a  riddle. 

Screen-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Shield.  To  cover ;  to  secure ;  defensive  armor. 

Shield-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Shrink,  To  shrivel ;  to  draw  back ;  to  recoil. 

Shrink-ing.     unjng. 
mis.    Spend,  To  layout;  to  dispose  of,  or  waste. 

Spend-ing.     missing. 
un.     Saint,  A  holy  person ;  a  Christian. 

Saint-ly-like-ship. 
un.     Smooth,  Glossy;  having  an  even  surface. 

Smooth-ly-ness-ed-er.     un^ 
un.     Spoil,  To  ruin;  to  corrupt;  to  plunder. 

Spoil-ed-er-ing.     un^d. 

un.     Stain,  To  discolor ;  to  blot  or  spot ;  to  make  foul. 
Stain-ed-ing-less.     zmAed. 


78  ANALYSIS     OF     TH£ 

SECTION  XXIII 

See  Rules  1st  and  2nd  for  final  e. 

EXAMPLE, 

un.     Safe,  Secure  from  danger. 
Safe-ly-ty.     un^Ay. 
Safe,  secure  from  danger. 
Safe/y,  in  a  safe  manner. 
Safety,  in  a  state,  secure  from  danger. 
Unsafe,  not  safe. 
Unsafely,  in  an  unsafe  manner. 
un,     Bribe,  To  offer  a  reward  to  pervert  judgment, 

Brib-ed-er.     unAed. 
tin.     Fade,  To  lose  color ;  to  decay ;  to  vanish. 

Fade-ed-ing.     zmAed-ing. 
Tin.     Prune,  To  trim  ;  to  lop  off  useless  branches. 

Prune-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
im.     Pure,  Genuine  ;  free  from  mixture. 

Pure-ly*ness-ity.     mA.-ity. 
mis.    Rate,  To  tax.     A  tax  or  price  fixed. 

Rat-ed-able.     misled.. 
un.     Tame,  To  make  gentle  ;  to  domesticate. 

Tame-ed-ing-able-ableness.     un^ed. 
un.     Trade,  To  barter ;  to  buy  and  sell. 

Trade-ed-er-ing.     unjng. 
un.     Urge,  To  press  ;  to  press  by  motives  ;  to  importune. 

Urge-ed-ing-ent-ently-ency.     unAed. 
Crime,  An  offense ;  a  violation  of  law. 
Criminal,  partaking  of  crime. 
Crime-ful-less-inal-inally-inality. 
Crude,  Raw  ;  in  a  natural  state ;  rough. 
Crude-ly-ness-ity. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  79 

un.     Fruit,  Productions  of  the  earth  ;  as  grain,  &c. 

Fruit-ful-fully  -fulness-less.     unjul. 
un.     Fright,  Sudden  fear  or  alarm. 

Fright-ful-fully-fulness-less.     untried. 
re.      New,  Lately  made ;  recent;  not  old, 

.Renew,  To  make  new  or  improve. 

New-ly-ness-ish.     reA.-ed-ing*-al. 
un.     Thought,  An  idea  formed  in  the  mind. 

Thought-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. 
un.     Till,  To  cultivate  the  ground. 

Till-ed-ing-able.     w?zAed. 
un.     Tax,  To  assess  a  tax ;  to  charge.     A  rate. 

Tax-ed-er-ing-able-ation.     un^ed. 
over.  Whelm,  To  cover  with  water;  to  overburden. 

Whelm-ed-ing.     0z;erA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Wrap,  To  wind  or  fold  together ;  to  mvolve. 

Wrap-ped-per-ping.     Rule  6. 
be.     Wail,  To  lament ;  to  express  sorrow  audibly. 

Wail-ed-ing.     .Zfewail,  to  bemoan. -ed-ing. 
un.     Chaste,  Pure  ;  uncorrupted.     See  Rule  1st. 

Chaste-ly-ity.     un^.     injty. 
un.     Curve,  To  bend  in  a  circular  form.     Rule  1. 

Curve-ed-ing-ity-ature.     un^ed. 
in.      Cure,  To  heal  as  a  disease. 

Cure-ed-able.     mAable-ability.     unAed. 
over.  Drive,  To  impel ;  to  urge  forward  by  force. 

Drive-ing-er.     over^.     un^en. 
be.      Guile,  Craft;  cunning;  artifice. 

Beguile,  to  impose  on  by  artifice. 
Guile-ful-fully-fulness-less.     £eA.-ed. 

Grieve,  To  mourn  ;  to  give  pain  of  mind  to. 
Grieve-ed-ing-ingly-ous-ously-ousness. 


80  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

SECTION  XXIV. 

un.     Accost,  To  address  ;  to  speak  to,  face  to  face. 
Accost-ed-ing-able.     unAQd. 
Accosted,  did  address,  or  was  addressed. 
Accostmg',  continuing  to  address. 
AccostaJZe,  that  may  be  addressed. 
Un&ccosted,  was  not  addressed, 
un.     Affirm,  To  assert  positively  ;  to  declare. 
Affirm-ed-ing-ance-ation-ative.     un^ed. 
un.     Arrest,  To  take  a  person  with  a  warrant ;  to  stop. 

Arrest-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
un.     Complain,  To  murmur,  or  find  fault. 

Complain-ed-ing-ant.     unjng. 
dis.    Content,  To  satisfy;  quiet;  easy;  satisfied. 

Content-ed-edly-edness-ment.     disced. 
un.     Defend,  To  vindicate  ;  to  drive  "back  ;  to  repel. 

Defend-ed-er-ing-ant.     unAed. 
un.     Delight,  A  high  degree  of  pleasure ;  to  please. 

Delight-ful-fully-fulness-some-someness. 
pre-    Design,  To  plan;  to  project;  to  delineate  a  figure. 

Design-ed-ing-less.     preA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Exert,  To  put  forth  power  of  body  or  mind, 

Exert-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
un.     Instruct,  To  teach  ;  to  impart  knowledge. 

Instruct-ed-ing-or-ion-ive.     unAed. 
un.     Impeach,  To  accuse  or  censure. 

Impeach-ed-ing-ment.     z^Aed-able. 
un.     Molest,  To  trouble,  or  disturb. 

Molest-ed-er-ing-ation.     unAed. 
self.    Neglect,  To  omit  by  carelessness,  or  design. 
Neglect-ed-ful-fully-ing.     self^ 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  81 

un.     Adapt,  To  make  suitable  to  the  use.     Apto,  to  fit. 

Adapt  ed-edness-ation.     un^ed. 
un.     Addict,  To  apply  one's  self  habitually  to. 

Addict-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Dico,  to  dedicate, 
un.     Arraign,  To  call  to  the  bar  as  a  prisoner. 

Arraign-ed-ing.     un^ed' 
un.     Assail,  To  attack ;  to  fall  upon  by  violence. 

Assail-ed-ing.     un^d.     Salio,  to  leap, 
un.     Blemish,  To  injure;  a  mark  of  deformity. 

Blemish-ed-ing-less.     unAed. 
un.     Cancel,  To  blot  out,  cross  out  or  annul. 

Cancel-ed-lation.     Cancello^  to  cut  cross-wise, 
un.     Counsel,  To  give  advice ;  To  recommend. 

Counsel-ed-ing-or-orship.     un^ed. 
mis.  Demean,  To  behave,  either  well  or  ill. 

Demean-ed-ing.     misled. 
un.     Except,  To  leave  out ;  to  exclude ;  to  object  to. 

Except-ed-ing-ion-ionable.     Capio,  to  take, 
un.     Expand,  to  enlarge  ;  to  spread. 

Expand-ed.     Expan-sion-sive-sibility. 
un.     Extol,  To  praise  ;  to  eulogize ;  to  raise  in  words, 

Extol-led-ling.     Eule  6.     Tollo,  to  lift  up. 
un.     Hallow,  To  make  holy ;  to  consecrate. 

Hallow-ed-ing.     u?iAed. 
un.     Tarnish,  To  sully;  to  soil;  to  become  dulL 

Tarnish-ed-ing.     unA<ed. 
in.      Valid,  Having  sufficient  strength  or  power. 

Invalidate,  to  weaken,  or  make  weaker. 

Valid-ly-ity.     mA.-hy-ate-ating. 
un.     Vital,  Pertaining  to  life.     Vita,  life. 

Vitalize,  to  give  life. 

Vital-ly-ity-ize-ization. 


82  AN  A  LYSIS     OF   THE 

all.     Abhor,  To  hate  extremely ;  to  loathe  or  detest* 

Abhor-red-rence-rent.     alljed.     Rule  6. 
anti.  Asthma,  Difficulty  of  breathing. 

Asthma-tic,     antijic.     Appendix,  No.  5,  Rule  8. 
ant.    Arctic,  Northern  constellation,  called  the  bear. 

Antarctic,  opposite  to  the  Arctic. 
un.     Benign  or  Benignant,  Kind  disposition  ;  favorable* 

Benig-Nant-nantly-nity.     unj\. 
over.  Clamor,  A  great  outcry  or  noise. 

Ckmor-ous-ously-ousness.     over^ous. 
un.     Canvass,  To  examine  returns  of  votes ;  to  debate. 

Canvass-ed-er-ing.     unAed. 
over.  Captious,  Disposed  to  find  fault ;  apt  to  cavil. 

Captious-ly-ness>     overA.     Capio,  to  take, 
un.     Comfort,  Ease ;  relief  from  pain  ;  rest. 

Comfort-less-ably-ableness.     zmAable. 
un.     Contemn.  To  despise  or  reject  with  disdain. 

Con  tern  n-ed-ing.     zmAed.     Temno,  to  despise, 
un.     Discard,  To  dismiss,  cast  off  or  reject. 

Discard-ed-ing.     unAe&. 
un,     Distrain,  To  seize  or  take  for  debt. 

Distrain-ed-or-ing.     Stringo,  to  touch  lightly. 
un.     Endow,  To  furnish  with  money  or  goods ;  to  enrich ; 

Endow-ed-ment.     zmAed.  [to  settle  on. 

un.     Escort,  To  guard  on  a  journey.     An  escort  to  guard. 

Escort-ed-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Exempt,  To  free  from  ;  or  to  be  free  from. 

Exempt-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     Emo,  to  buy. 
un.     Expect,  To  wait  for ;  to  look  for  either  good  or  evil. 

Expect-ant-ancy-ation.     z^Aed.     Specio,  to  see. 
re.      Echo,  To  resound ;  or  reflected  sound. 

Echo-ed-ing.     reA.ed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  83 

un.     Forbear,  To  abstain  from  ;    to  delay  or  cease. 

Forbear-ance-ing.     unjng. 
un.     Forfeit,  To  lose  by  some  fault,  offense  or  crime. 

Forfeit-ed-ing-ure.     zmAed. 
ef.      Florid,  Abounding  with  flowers  ;  flusbed  with  red. 

Florid-ity-ly-ness.     Flos,  a  flower. 
un.     Genteel,  Polite,  well  bred  ;  easy  in  manner. 

Genteel-ly-ness.     unA.-ly. 
un.     Hazard,  To  expose  to  chance  or  peril.     Chance. 

Hazard-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-able.     zmAed. 
dis.    Honest,  Just;  fair  in  dealing;  frank;  sincere. 

Honest-ly.     dis  Ay.     Honor,  honor, 
un.     Harbor,  To  shelter ;  a  port  for  a  ship ;  a  place  of  safety. 

Harbor-ed-er-ing-less.     imAed. 
un.     Infest,  To  trouble  greatly  ;  to  disturb,  or  harass. 

Infest-ed-er-ing.     zmAed. 
un.     Insult,  To  abuse  ;  abuse  ;  insolence.     Salio,  to  leap. 

Insult-ed-er-ing,     un^ed. 
un.     Invent,  To  find  out  something  new;  to  contrive. 

Invent-ed-or-ion-ive.     Venio,  to  come, 
over.  Jealous,  Fearing  rivalship. 

Jealous-ly-ness.       over^.    un^ 
un.     Lament,  To  mourn,  grieve  or  bewail ;  to  regret. 

Lament-ed-iag-able-ably-ation.     zmAed. 
self.   Murder,  To  kill  a  human  being  unlawfully. 

Murder-er-ess-ed-ing-ous-ously.     self^. 
re."    Murmur,  To  complain;  to  grumble  ;  a  low  sound. 

Murmur-ed-er-ing,     wftAed-ing. 
re-      Model,  To  shape ;  a  pattern  of  something  to  be  made. 

Model-ed-er-ing.     reAed-ing,     Modus,  a  measure, 
un.     Perform,  To  accomplish ;  to  do ;  to  fulfill. 

Perform-ed-er-ing-ance.     zmAed. 


84  ANALYS1SOFTHE 

SECTION  XXV. 

un.     Abash,  To  confuse  ;  to  make  ashamed. 

Abash-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Appall,  To  depress  with  fear;  dismayed. 

Appall-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.. 
un.     Condemn,  To  pronounce  guilty  or  wrong. 

Condemn-ed-ation-atory-able.     unAe&. 
un.     Candid,  Open ;  frank  ;  impartial ;  free  from  bias. 

Candid-ly-ness.     un^.     Candeo  to  be  white. 
un.     Despair,  Without  hope  ;  a  hopeless  state. 

Despair-ing-ingly.     unA'mg.     de,  without,  spes,  hope, 
in.      Desert,  To  forsake,  or  deserving  good  or  evil. 

Desert-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed. 

in.      Decent,  Becoming  in  words,  behavior,  or  dress. 
Decent-ly-ness.     in^Ay.     Decet,  it  becomes. 
dis.    Embroil,  To  involve  in  troubles  ;  to  perplex. 

Embroil-ed-ing.     disced. 
im.     Partial,  Biased  ;  showing  favor  without  a  reason. 

Partial-ly-ity.     mA.-ly-ity. 
im.     Precise,  Exact ;  nice  ;  formal. 

Precise-ly-ness-ion.     i?nA\on.     un&. 
un.     Renown,  To  make  famous.     Fame,  celebrity. 

Renown-ed-edly-edness-    unAe&. 
un.     Request,  To  petition.     An  expression  of  desire. 

Request-ed-ing.     unAed.     Quaero,  to  ask. 
un.     Supplant,  To  undermine  by  stratagem. 

Supplant-ed-er-ing-ation.     un^ed. 
un.     Tenable,  That  may  be  held  or  maintained. 

Ten-Able-ability-ableness.     w?zAable. 
in.      Tranquil,  Calm  ;  peaceful. 
Tranquil-ly-ity.     mAity. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 

mis.  Avouch,  To  declare  ;  to  witness  to. 

Avouch-ed-er-ing.     mis^. 
un.     Bewitch,  To  fascinate ;  to  charm. 

Bewitch-ed-er-ing-ment.     unAQ&. 
dis.     Entomb,  To  deposk  in  a  tomb. 

Entomb-ed-ing.     unAed.     disA. 
un.     Ferment,  To  heat  or  work ;  to  set  in  motion, 

Ferment-ed-ation-able.     zmAed, 
pre.    Omen,  A  sign  or  indication  oL 

Omen-ous-ously.    preA. 
un.     Eelent,  To  soften  in  temper. 

Relent-ed-ing.     w^Aing. 
un.     Refract,  To  break  the  course  in  rays  of  light. 

Refract-ed-ion-ive,     zmAed.     Fractus,  broken, 
un.     .Resent,  To  take  ill :  to  be  offended. 

Kesent-ed-ing-ment. 
un.     Reveal,  To  disclose,  or  make  known. 

Reveal-ed-ing-able.     Revalation. 
un.     Sustain  To  bear,  uphold  or  support. 

Sustained-er-ing-able.     linked. 
un.     Sophist,  A  false  reasoner.     Sophia,  wisdom. 

Sophisticate,  to  use  Sophistry. 

Sophist-ical-icate-ication.     zw&Jcal. 
e.        Special,  Particular.     Especial,  very  particular. 

Speeial-ly.     eA.-ly. 
un.     System,  An  assemblage  of  principles,  or  things. 

Systematize,  to  reduce  to  system. 

System-atic-atical-atize-atized.     &TZAatic. 
in.      Timid,  Fearful.     Intimidate,  to  make  afraid. 

Timid-ly-ity-ness.    tnAate-ated-ation. 
all.     Triumph,  To  obtain  a  victory. 

Triumph-ed-ing-ant-antly.     «ZZAmg. 
8 


ot>  A  N  A  L  Y  S  I  S     O  F    T  K  E 

un.     Answer,  To  speak  in  return ;  to  reply. 

Answer-ed-ing-able.     ?,mAed-able-ably. 
super.  Angel,  A  spirit;  a  celestial  being. 

Angcl-ic-ical-ically.     super^ic. 
in.      Differ,  To  disagree ;  to  be  unlike. 

Differ-ent-ently-enee.     mAent-ently. 
en.     Danger,  Peril,  risk  ;  exposure  to  injury. 

Endanger,  To  expose  to  injury. 

Danger-ous-ously-ousness.     ewA.-ed-ing- 
ian.     Drama,    A    composition    representing  a    picture  of 
human  life. 

Drama-tic-tist.     unjic. 
unv    Emblem,  Representation  by  similar  qualities. 

Emblem -atic-atical-atically.     z^Aatie. 
un.     Harass,  To  tease  ;  to  perplex  ;  to  molest  ,*:  to  weary.. 

Harass-ed-ing.     &%Aed. 
dis.    Honor,  To  revere;,  esteem  due  to  worth  ;  dignity. 

Honor-ed-ing-able-a;bly.     ^'v-able-ably- 
im.    Moral,  Relating  to  virtuous  conduct- 

Moralize,  To  make  moral- 

Moral-ize-ized-ization-     im^ 
un.     Profit,  Gain  or  advantage ;  to  improve. 

Profit^less-able-ably-ableness.     2mAable, 
co.     Partner,  One  who  shares  with  another. 

Partnership.    coA.-ship. 
im.     Peril,  Danger;   risk;   hazard;   jeopardy. 

Peril-ous-ously-ousness. 
un.  Question,  To  interrogate ;  the  subject  of  dispute- 

Question-ed-er^ing-able.     wAed-able. 
un.     Symbol,  A  sign  of  any  mqral  thing  by  images. 

Symbolize,  To  represent  by  symbols, 

Symbol-ic-ically-ke-ized-izing. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  87 

post  Nuptial,  Pertaining  to  marriage. 

.Postnuptial,  after  marriage.     Nubo,  to  marry, 
un.     Pardon,  To  forgive  an  offense  ;  to  remit  a  penalty. 

Pardon-ed-ing-able.     w?tAed-able-ably. 
im.     Pious,  Godly  ;  religious  ;  respect  for  parents. 

Pious-ly.     mA.-ly.     Pietas,  piety, 
im.     Proper,  Fit ;  -particularly  suited  to  ;  just. 

Proper-ly.     imA.-\y.     Prope.near. 
un.     Punish,  To  affect  with  pain  ;  to  chastise. 

Punish-ed-er-ing-able.     smAed. 
*in.     Pension,  Annual  allowance  of  money  by  Government. 

Pension-er-ary,  One  who  receives  a  pension, 
ante.  Penult,  or  penultimate,  The  last  syllable  of  a  word 
except  one. 

Penult-imate.    antej.ma.te.     Ultimus,  last, 
•antu  Poison,   To  infect  with  poison;    a  substance  which, 
taken  into  the  stomach,  destroys  life ;  infectious, 

Poison-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     antiA. 
'com.  Pupil,  A  scholar;  the  apple  of  the  eye. 

Pupil-age-ary.     corapupil,  a  fellow  pupil, 
un.     Ransack,  To  search  thoroughly  ;  to  pillage, 

Ransack-ed-ing.     zmAed. 
•co.     Regent,  One  ruling  or  governing. 

Reg-Ent-ency-entship.     COA.     Rex,  a  king, 
un.     Regret,  To  grieve  ;  grief;  sorrow  of  mind. 

Regret-ted-ting-ful.     united..     Rule  6. 
*m.     Repeat,  To  do  again  ;  to  utter  again. 

Repeat-ed-ing.     &^Aed.     Peto,  to  ask  or  seek, 
arch.  Rebel,  To  revolt  from  Gov.     One  who  revolts. 

Rebel-led-lion-lious.     arch^     Bellum,  war. 
<un.     Righteous,  Just  according  to  the  Divine  law, 

Righ-teous-ly-ness,     w^.A.-ly-ness. 


ANALYSIS     0  7     THE 

SECTION  XXVI. 

See  Rules  1st  and  2nd  for  this  and  the  five  next  pages, 
mn.     Dilate,  To  expand  ;  to  enlarge  :  to  widen. 

Dilate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 

Dilated,  was  expanded. 

iftlating,  continuing  to  expand. 

Dilution,  the  act  of  expanding. 

Undiluted,  was  not  expanded, 
nn.     Attire,  To  dress;  ornamental  clothes. 

Attire-ed-ing.     unAed, 
mn.     Corrode,  To  rust ;  to  eat  away  by  degrees. 

Corrode-ed-i'ng-ible-ibility.     un'Aed. 
Tin.     Deserve,  To  merit;  to  be  worthy  of  good  or  evil 

Deserve-ed-edly-ing-ingly.     nnAed-edly. 
un.     Defense,  Any  thing  that  secures  protection. 

Defense-ive-ively-less-lessness-     unlive. 
un.     Desire,  To  wish  for  the  possession  of. 

Desire-ed-rng-ous-ously-able.     &%Aed-abIe* 
in.      Docile,  Teachable  ;  ready  to  leara. 

Docile-ity.     w^.-ity. 
nn.     Expense,  Cost ;  charge  ;  price,  &c. 

Expense-ful-fully-fulness-ive-ively.     unAive. 
un.     Endure,  To  last ;  to  undergo.     Durus,  hard. 

Endure-ed-ing-ance.     unAir\g. 
en.     Feeble,  Weak  ;  infirm.     .Enfeeble,  to  make  feeble. 

Feeble-ness.     eftA.-ed-ing. 
•an.     Humble,  To  abase.     Meek,  lowly. 

Humble-ed-ing-ness.     mi^ed. 
cnv    Rapture,  Transport  of  joy.     Enrapture,  to  give  j,oy  to, 

Rapture-ous-ously.     e^A.-ed-ing. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  89 

un.     Achieve,  To  perform,  execute,  finish  or  gain. 

Achieve-ed-ment-ance-able.     w?tAed-able. 
in.      Coerce,  To  restrain  by  force  ;  to  compel. 

Coerce-ed-ion-ible-ive,     injble. 
UR.     Confine,  To  limit  or  bound  ;  a  border  or  edge. 

Confine-ed-ing-ment.     &ftAed-able.     Finis,  end, 
mn.     Contrite,  Broken-hearted  for  sin  ;  penitent. 

Contrite-ly-ness-ion.     Tritum,  to  rub. 
pre.  Decease,  To  die ;  departure  from  this  life. 

Decease-ed.    preyed.     Cedo,  to  yield, 
un.     Explore,  To  search  for,  or  view  with  care. 

Explore-ed-er-ing-ation.     zmAed-able. 
un.     Invite,  To  ask  ;  to  request ;  to  allure. 

Invite-ed-ing-ingly-ation.     w^Aed. 
un.     Licence,  To  grant  or  give  permission ;  leave. 

Licence-ed-ing.     zmAed> 
im.     Passive,   Suffering,  not  acting ;  not  opposing. 

Passive-ly-ness-ity.     imA.     Patior,  to  suffer, 
de.     Picture,  A  painting  ;  a  likeness  drawn  in  colors. 

Depict,  To  form  a  likeness.     Depict-ed-ing. 
un.     Profane,  To  pollute ;  irreverence  to  sacred  things. 

Profane-ed-ing-ity-ation-ly.     Fanumy  a  temple, 
un.     Repine,  To  murmur  ;  to  feel  discontent. 

Repine-ed-ing-ingly.     zmAing-ingly. 
un.     Rebuke,  To  chide,  reprove,  or  punish. 

Rebuke-ed-ing-ful-able.     zmAed-able. 
un.     Restore,  To  give  back,  or  replace  ;  to  heal. 

Restore-ed-ing-able-ation-ative.     un^ed. 
un,     Vitiate,   To  injure  the  substance  of  any  thing;    to 

make  impure,     Vitiate-ed.     un^fr. 
in.      Urbane,  Civil ;  courteous  in  manners. 

Urbane-ity.     injity.     Urbs,  a  city. 
8* 


90  ANALYSISOFTHS 

tin.     Amuse,  To  entertain  the  mind  agreeably. 

Amuse-ed-ing-ment-ive.     ?^Aed. 
nn.     Allure,  To  entice,  decoy  or  tempt. 

Allure-ed-er-ing-ment.    w^Aed. 
tin.     Abridge,  To  make  shorter;   to  lessen.     Brevis,  short, 

Abridge-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed. 
un.     Appease,   To  make  quiet ;  to  calm  or  pacify, 

Appease-ed-ing-able.     z^Aed.     Pax,  peace. 
tin.     Apprise,  To  give  notice  to;  to  inform, 

Apprise-ed-er.     zmA.ed. 
tin.     Censure,  To  blame ;  the  act  of  blaming. 

Censure-ed-able-ableness.     zmAed-able. 
un.     Despise,  To  scorn  ;  to  have  the  lowest  opinion  o£ 

Despise-ed-ing-able-ableness.     zmAed. 
un.     Divulge,  To  make  public  ;  to  disclose  or  tell. 

Divulge-cd-ing-er.     z^Aed. 
un.     Deprave,  To  make  bad;  to  corrupt;  to  impair. 

Deprave-ed-ing-ity-ation.     unAed. 
un.     Divorce,  To  dissolve  the  marriage  covenant. 

Divorce-ed-er-ing-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Elate,  To  raise,  as  the  mind  or  spirits ;  to  puff  up, 

Elate-ed  -ing-ion,     un&ed. 
un.     Injure*  To  hurt  or  wound.     Injury,  damage. 

Injure-ed-er-ing-y-ious-iously.     unAed.     .Rule  3. 
un.     Imbibe,  To  drink  in ;  to  absorb.     Bibo,  to  drink. 

Imbibe-ed-ing.     &rcAed. 
un.     Torture,  To  inflict  pain  on  body  or  mind. 

Torture-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Trouble,  To  agitate  or  disturb.     Affliction. 

Trouble-ed-some-somely-someness. 
un.     Virtue,  Moral  goodness  or  excellence. 

Virtue-ous-ously-less-al-ally.    imAous. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  91 

mis.  Behave,  To  conduct  well  or  ill ;  to  act- 

Behavior,  manner  of  behaving. 

Behave-ed-ior.     ?rzzsA-ed-ior. 
un.     Chastise,  To  punish ;  to  correct.     Castigo,  to  beat- 

Chastise-ed-able-ment.     unAed. 
in.      Commute,  To  exchange  one  thing  for  another. 

Commute-ed-ation-ative-able-ability.       mAable-ably- 

ability.     unAed.     Muto,  to  change, 
un.     Comprise,  To  contain  or  include. 

Comprise-ed-ing-al.     un^ed. 
en.     Circle,  A  curve  line  bending  round  till  both  ends  meet. 

Encircle,  To  inclose  in  a  circle.      e^Aed-ing. 
re.      Double,  To  fold;  twice  the  sum  ;  twice  as  much. 

Double-ed-ness.    reA.-ed-ing.     Duo,  two. 
un.     Dilute,  To  make  thin  or  weak;  to  render  more  liquid. 

Dilute-ed -ing-ion.     z^Aed. 
dis.    Entrance,  To  put  in  a  trance ;  to  enrapture. 

Entrance-ed-ing.     feA.-ed-ing. 
un.     Expunge,  To  blot  out  as  with  a  pen  ;  to  erase.* 

Expunge-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Pungo,  to  prick, 
un.     Enhance,  To  increase,  raise  or  aggravate. 

Enhance-ed-ing-ment      zmAed. 
un.     Excise,  An  inland  duty  on  goods. 

Excise-man.  An  excise  officer, 
un.     Exile,  To  banish ;  one  sent  into  banishment. 

Exile-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed. 
un.     Infringe,  To  break,  as  a  contract ;  to  transgress. 

Infringe-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed.     Frango,  to  break, 
self.   Indulge,  To  permit  to  be ;  to  suffer ;  not  to  check. 

Indulge-ed-ent-ently-ence.     self^ence.          [nounced. 
Lecture,    To    discourse  ;    a  discourse   read   or  pro- 

Lecture-ed-er-ing-ship.     Lego,  to  read  or  choose, 


y*  ANALYSIS     OF   THE 

inter.  Meddle,  To  have  to  do  with ;  to  handle  or  touch, 

Meddle-er-some-someness.     inter A.-ed-ing. 
un.     Muffle,  To  cover  from  the  weather;  to  blindfold. 

Muffle-ed-er-ing.     unAed.  [remark 

un.     Notice,  To  observe;    observation   by  the  senses;    a 

Notice-ed-ing-able.    ?^Aed.     Nosco,  to  know, 
un.     Nurture,  To  nourish ;  to  bring  up  or  educate, 

Nurture-ed-ing.     z^Aed.     Nutrio,  to  nurse, 
un.     Pollute,  To  defile ;  to  profane  or  violate. 

Pollute-ed-ing-ion.     ?mAed.     Polluo,  to  pollute, 
un.     Provoke,  To  make  angry  ;  to  offend.     Foco,  to  call. 

Provoke-ed-ing-able.     unAed-ing. 
un.     Refute,  To  disprove  by  argument.     Refuto. 

Refute-ed-ing-al-ation-able.     zmAed. 
un.     Reprieve,  To  respite  after  sentence  of  death. 

Reprieve-ed-ing.     w?iAed-able, 
un.     Revile,  To  reproach  with  opprobrious  language. 

Revile-ed-er-ing.     2mAed. 
tin.     Ifescue,  To  deliver  or  save  from,  as  danger. 

Rescue-ed-er-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Reserve,  To  keep  in  store  ;  to  hold  back  in  the  mind. 

Reserve-ed-edly*edness-ation.     unAed- 
un.     Relieve,  To  free  from,  or  remove  in  part. 

Relieve-ed-ing-able.     zmAed-able. 
in.    Sincere,  Real;  unfeigned-ly-ness-ity.    wejty. 
un.     Succinct,  Brief ;  short  or  compressed. 

Succinct-ly-ness.     Cinctus,  a  girdle. 
over.  Sedate,  Settled,  composed,  calm. 

Sedate-ly-ness-ive.    overA. 
un.     Surprise,  To  come,  or  fall  upon  suddenly. 

Surprise-ed-ing-ingly-al    ?^Aed, 
Tragedy,  A  dramatic  poem.     Trag-ic-ical-ically. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  93 

un.     Expose,  To  lay  open ;  to  make  liable ;  to  offer. 

Expose-ed-ure-ition-able.     un^ed. 
un.     Erase.   To  rub  or  scrape  out,  as  letters. 

Erase-ed-ure-ion-ment,     Eado,  to  scrape, 
un.     Enlarge,  To  make  greater  ;  to  extend. 

Enlarge-ed-ing-ment.     2mAed. 
vn.     Obscure,  To  darken  ;   not  intelligent. 

Obscure-ed-ity-ation.     un^ed. 
dis.   Oblige,  To  constrain  to  do  ;   to  do  a  favor  to. 

Oblige-ed-ing-ation-atory.     disced. 
im.     Provide,   To  procure  beforehand ;   to  foresee, 

Provide-ed-ent-ence.     ^??2Aent.     zmAed, 
un.     Prepare,  To  fit,  adapt  or  make  ready. 

Prepare*  ed-ing-ation-ative.     unAed. 
ir.      Ketrieve,  To  recover  again  ;  to  repair. 

Retrieve-ed-able.     ^rAable-ably.     un&ed. 
ir.      Revere,  To  regard  with  fear,  mingled  with  respect, 

Re  vere-ed-ende-ential .     zrAent-ence . 
un.     Salute,  To  greet  with  kind  wishes ;  to  hail. 

Salute-ed-ation-atory.     un^ed. 
dis.    Concert,  To  contrive,  arrange  or  adjust. 

Disconcert,  To  frustrate,  or  derange. 

Concert-ed-ing.     disced. 
re.      Splendor,  Great  brightness.     Splendid,  showy. 

Resplendent,  Very  bright ;  brilliant. 

Splend-or-id-idly.     reAent-ently-ency, 
un.     Season,  To  give  relish  to  ;  part  of  the  year. 

Seasonal,  timely,  or  in  time. 

Season-able-ably-ableness.     z^able. 
un.     Spirit,  The  soul;  breath,  air,  &c. 

Spiritualize,  to  make  or  become  spiritual. 

Spirit-ual-ually-uality-ualize-ualization, 


94  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXVII. 

Pay   particular   attention   to   the   2nd   exception   under 
Eule  3rd,  as  applied  to  the  following  words, 
un.     Annoy,  To  molest,  disturb,  or  incommode. 

Annoy-ed-er-ing-ance.     unAed. 
dis.    Array,  To  deck  or  dress  ;  the  order  of  troops. 

Array-ed-ing.     dis^.-ed-mg.     zmAed- 
un.     Betray,  To  deliver  up  by  treachery  ;  to  mislead. 

Betray-ed-er-ing-al.     un^d. 
un.     Convey,  To  carry  or  transport ;  to  transfer, 

Convey-ed-er-ing-ance-ancer-able. 
un.     Defray,  To  pay  expenses  ;  to  discharge. 

Defray-ed-ing-er.     unAed. 
un.     Delay,  To  linger,  stay  or  postpone. 

Delay-ed-ing-er.     un^ed-ing. 
un.     Essay,  To  try  or  attempt.     A  trial. 

Essay-ed-ing-er.     zmAed. 
mis.  Employ,  To  occupy  the  time. 

Employ-ed-er-ing-ment.     mis^-ed-ing. 
un.     Money,  Coin  ;  stamped  metal,  as  silver. 

Money-less-bag-box,     un^ed. 
dis.    Obey,  To  comply  with  ;  to  yield  to. 

Obey-ed-ing.     feA.-ed-ing.     un^d. 
un.     Portray,   To  paint  or  draw  a  likeness  of. 

Portray-ed-ing-er.     un^ed. 
re,      Survey,   To  take  a  view  of;  to  measure. 

Survey-ed-or-ing,     reA,-ed.     z^Aed. 
un,     Waylay,  To  watch  with  evil  intent. 

Waylay-ed-ing.     &^Aed, 
$in.     Dismay,  To  deprive  of  firmness  of  mind. 

Dismay-ed-ing.     un^ed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  95 

SECTION   XXVIII. 

all.     Abandon,  To  desert ;  to  forsake  utterly. 

Abandon-ed-ing-ment.     aZZAed. 
un.     Abolish,  To  make  void;  to  destroy. 

Abolish-ed-ing-ment.     w^Aed. 

Aboli-Tion-tionist.     Aboleo,  to  abolish. 
un.     Ambition,  A  desire  to  excel. 

Amb-itious-itiously.    zmAitious. 
un.     Benefit,  To  profit.     An  act  of  kindness. 

Bene-Fitrfited-ficial.     WTiAfited. 
un.     Condition,  The  particular  state  of  a  thing. 

Condition-al-ally-ali  ty .     unA  al, 
un.     Demolish,  To  destroy;  to  lay  in  ruins. 

Demolish-ed-er-ing.     zmAed. 

Endeavor,  To  attempt ;  to  try  to  do. 

Endeavor-ed-ing. 
un.     Execute,   To  perform ;  to  effect  or  do  something. 

Execu-Tion-tive-tor-trix.    united. 
ab.     Origin,  The  beginning  of  any  thing  :  source. 

Originate,  To  bring  into  existence. 

Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ated-ation. 
un.     Kelinquish,  To  withdraw  from  ;  to  quit. 

Kelinquish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
un.     Sanction,  To  ratify  or  confirm. 

Sanction-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 

un.     Supersede,    To   make   void    by  superior   power ;   to 
come  in  the  room  of  another. 

Supersede-ed-ure.     Sedeo,  to  sit. 
Timorous,  Fearful  of  danger ;  timid. 

Timorous-ly-ness.     Timor,  fear, 
over.  Tedious,  Tiresome;  fatiguing;  tardy. ly-ness. 


96  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Accomplish,  To  complete,  or  finish ;  to  gain, 

Accomplish-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed.     Pleo,  to  fill, 
un.     Counterfeit,   To  forge  or  imitate ;  to  dissemble. 

Counterfeit-ed-er-ing.     w^Aed. 
un.     Comely,  Becoming ;  graceful ;  handsome. 

Comely-ness.     z^A.-ness.     Rule  3. 
un.     Decipher,  To  explain  ;  to  unravel ;  to  unfold. 

Decipher-ed-er-able.     zmAed. 
un.     Diploma,  A  writing  giving  authority,  or  honor. 

Diplomacy,  the  customs  of  embassadors. 

Diploma-cy-tic.     unjic.     Appendix,  No,  5,  Rule  8. 
over.  Difficult,  Hard  to  be  made,  or  done. 

Difficult-y.     overA.     Dis,  not,  Facilis,  easy. 
un.     Elicit,   To  draw  out,  or  bring  to  light ;  to  deduce. 

Elicit-ed-ing-ation.     zmAed. 
un.     Encounter,  To  meet  face  to  face  ;  a  fight. 

Encounter-ed-ing.     unAed. 
un.     Embellish,  To  adorn,  beautify  or  decorate. 

Embellish-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
un.     Embroider,  To  adorn  with  needlework. 

Embroider-ed-er-ing.     zmAed. 
un.     Entertain,  To  receive  and  treat  with  hospitality. 

Entertain-ed-ing-ment.     unAed. 
anti.  Fanatic,  Wild  and  extravagant  in  opinions. 

Fanatic-al-ally-ism.     anti^.     Fanum  a  temple. 
mis.   Interpret,  To  explain  words  as  to  the  sense. 

Interpret-ed-er-ing-ation.     mis^.-ed. 
un.     Interrupt,  To  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon ;  to  impede 

motion.     Ru?npo,  to  break. 

Interrupt-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed. 
un.     Intercept,  To  seize  on  by  the  way,  or  to  stop. 

Intercept-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed.     Capio,  to  take. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  97 

SECTION  XXIX. 

re.      Assemble,  To  collect  in  numbers. 

Assemble-ed-ing.     reA.-ed.    un^ed. 
dis.    Advantage,  Benefit ;  promotion  of  interest. 

Advantage-ously.      <#&Aous-ously-ousness.     (Excep- 

ception  under  Rule  1.) 
in.      Audible,  That  may  be  heard.     Audio,  to  hear, 

Aud-ible-ibly-ience-itory.     mAible-ibly. 
un.    Analyze,  To  resolve  a  body  into  its  elements. 

Analyze-ed-er-ing-ation.    un^d. 
un.     Beguile,  To  delude ;  to  deceive  by  craft. 

Beguile-ed-er-ing-ment.     un^ed. 
in.     Credulous,  Apt  to  believe  without  evidence. 

Credul-ous-ously-ity.     mAous-ously-ity. 
un.     Betoken,  To  indicate  ;  to  show  by  signs. 

Betoken-ed-ing.    un^ed. 
un.     Discipline,  Education;  correction;  government 

Discipline-ary-arian-able.     un^ed. 
un.     Dissemble,  To  disguise  ;  to  deceive. 

Dissemble-ed-er.     Dis,  not,  similis,  like, 
in.     Evident,  Plain  ;  clear ;  obvious ;  manifest. 

Evid-Ent-ence-ential-entially.     mAent. 
un.    Institute,  To  appoint ;  to  establish ;  to  enact. 

Institute-ed-ion-ional.    un^ed. 
un.     Persecute,  To  pursue  to  injure  ;  to  harass. 

Persecute-ed-or-ion.     Seqiwr,  to  follow, 
im.    Placable,  That  may  be  appeased.    Placo. 

Plac-Able-ability.    mAable-ability-ably. 
ir.     Resolute,  Firm;  Bold.-ly-ion.    irA.-ly-ion. 
un.    Ridicule,  To  mock  or  laugh  at  in  contempt. 

Ridicule-ed-ous-ously-ousness.    unAed. 


98  ANALYSISOFTHE 

un.     Analogy,  A  likeness  to,  in  some  respects. 

Anal-ogy-ogous-ogical.     unAogous. 
un.     Distinguish,  To  discern  a  difference. 

Distinguish-ed-able-er.     zmAable. 
un.     Interest,  To  concern  or  affect.     A  concern. 

Interest-ed-ing.     w^Aed-ing. 

im.     Manacle,  A  handcuff.     Immanacle,  to  put  on  hand- 
cuffs; to  enslave, 
un.     Patriot,  A  lover  of  his  country, 

Patriot-ic-ism.     unjc. 
!un.     Petition,  To  make  a  request ;  to  ask  from. 

Petition-ed-er-ing.     un^ed.     Peto,  to  ask, 
im.     Penitent,  One  who  repents  of  his  sins. 

Penit-Ent-ence-ency,     mAent-ence. 
un.     Popular,  Pertaining  to  the  common  people ;  beloved 

by  the  people.-ity. 
im.     Polity,  The  form  of  civil  government. 

Poli-Ty-cy-tic-tical.     im^tic.     Polls  >  a  city, 
im.     Probity,  Tried  virtue;  integrity. 

Improbity,  want  of  integrity. 
ir.      .Regular,  Uniformly  the  same.     Rego,  to  rule. 

Regular-ly-ity.     «VA.-ity. 
un.     Repugnant,  Opposed;  contrary  to. 

Repug-Nant-nance.     Pugno,  to  fight, 
un.     Extinguish,  To  put  out,  quench  or  destroy. 

Extinguish-ed-er-ing-able.    w^Aed-able. 
un.     Important,  Of  great  consequence  ;  weighty. 

Important-ly.     alls.    un^ 
in.     Feasible,  That  may  be  done  ;  practicable. 

Feas-ible-ibility.    mobility, 
un.     Solicit,  To  ask  for,  to  seek  by  petition. 

Solicit-ed-or-ous-ously-ude-ation.    w?iAed-ous. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  99 

« 

dis.    Continue,  To  remain  in  any  place  ;  to  extend.     Con- 
tinual and  continuous,  mean  continuing. 
Continue-ed-ous-ously-€il-ally-ance-ation.      disced- 

ance-ation.     Teneo,  to  hold. 
Tenacious,  Adhesive;  holding  fast.     Tewo^  to  hold.,, 

Tenacious-ly-ness.     Tenacity, 
un.     Eepresent,  To  show,  exhibit  or  describe. 
Represent-ed-ing-ation-ative.     misled. 
un.     Discomfit,  To  rout,  defeat  or  scatter  in  flight. 

Discomfit-ed-ing-ure.     un^ed.. 
un.     Domestic,  Belonging  to  the  house;  tame. 
Domesticate,  to  make  tame. 
Domestic-ate-ated-ation-    zmAated. 
un.     Ornament,  To  adorn ;  that  which  adorns. 

Ornament-ed-ing-al     zmAed-al. 
im,     Plausible,  That  may  be  applauded.     Plaudo. 

Plaus-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness.     im.flAe. 
im.     Parallel,  Running  in  accordance  with ;  or  lying  side 

by  side,  as  lines, 
anti.  Puritan,  A  dissenter  from  the  Church  of  England. 

Puritan-ic-ical-ism.     anti^. 
im.     Pregnable,  That  may  be  taken  by  force. 

Impregnable,  That  cannot  be  taken, 
ua.     Reprimand,  To  reprove  severely.     A  reproof. 

Reprimand-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Replenish,  To  fill ;  to  furnish  ;  to  complete. 

Replenish-ed-ing.  un^ed.  Plenus,  full. 
Irrigate,  To  water;  to  moisten.-ed-ing-ion. 
Romantic,  Pertaining  to  romance ;  wild,  fancifu 

Romantic-al-ally-ness. 

Sedition,  Rebellion  against  law  or  government. 
Sedit-ion-ionary-ious-iously. 


100  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

SECTION   XXX. 

un.     Affable,  Easy  of  conversation  and  manners, 

Aff-Able-ably-ability-ableness.     unable. 
in.      Congruous,  Suitable;  consistent;  fit. 

Congru-ous-ously-ity.     mAous-ity. 
u#n.  Contagious,  Generating  contagion ;  catching. 

Contag-ious-iously-iousness.    wwco&Jous. 
in.      Contiguous,  Touching;  meeting;  joining. 

Contigu-ous-ously-ity.     enAous-ously. 
in.     Corrigible,  That  may  be  set  right,  or  corrected. 

Corrig-ible.     mAible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
semi.  Deist,  One  who  denies  Kevelation. 

De-ist-istic-istical-ism.     semi-isticol. 
de.     Predal,  Pertaining  to  prey  or  plunder. 
Depredate,  to  plunder  or  rob. 

Pred-Al-acious-aciously.     efeAate-ation. 
im.     Probable,  likely  to  be ;  that  may  be- 

Prob-Able-ably-ability.     mAable- ability. 
a.tfti.  Paralysis,  Palsy.     Paralyze,  to  afflict  with  palsy. 

Paraly-sis-tic-ze-zed.    antijic. 
un.     Sagacious,  Acuteness  of  discernment. 

Saga-cious-ciously-city.     wftAcious. 
in,      Scrutable,  Discoverable  by  examination. 

Scrut-Able.    mAable-ably.     Scrutor,  to  search, 
in.      Tangible,  That  may  be  touched.     Tango,  to  touch. 

Tang-ible-ibly-ibility-ent.     Sw£Aent. 

7^Aible-ib]y-ibility-ibleness. 
e.       Vacant,  Empty ;  void ;  not  filled. 

Vacate,  to  make  empty.     Evacuate^  to  leave. 
Vac-Ant-ancy-ate-ated-atin^-ation. 

e4uate-uated-uation. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  1Q1 

in.      Artificial,  Made  by  art ;  feigned. 

Artificial-ly.     mA.-ly.     un^. 
un.     Assiduous,  Diligent;  persevering. 

Assidu-ous-ously-ity.     unions. 
semi,  Barbarian,  A  man  in  a  savage  state. 

Barbarous^ cruel;  inhuman;  brutal. 

Barbar-ous-ously-ity-ism.     semi^ous. 
in.      Corporeal,  or  Corporeous,  Having  a  body. 

Corpo-neal-reous-really.     mjeal. 
mis.    Conjecture,  to  surmise,  or  guess. 

Conjecture-ed-al.     mis,,.     Jacio,  to  cast, 
in.      Discover.  To  find  out ;  to  lay  open  to  view. 

Discover-ed-ing-able.     mAable.     zmAed. 
in.      Ebriety,   Drunkenness.     Ebrietas. 

Inebriate-ion,  To  make  drunk, 
in.      Experience,  To  try  by  use ;  a  series  of  trials. 

Experience-ed-ing.     zmAed.     in^. 
in,      Felicity,  Happiness.     Felix,  happy. 

Felicitate,  to  wish  joy  to. 

Felicit-ous-ously-ate-ation.     mAous. 
in.      Exorable,  That  may  be  moved  by  entreaty. 

Exora-Ble-bly.     mAble-bly.     Oro,  to  entreat, 
in.      Evitable,  That  may  be  shunned. 

Evita-Ble.     zXble-bly.     Vito,  to  shun, 
un.     Invidious,  Envious;  malignant., 

Invidious-ly-ness.     unA. 
un.     Manufacture,  To  make  by  hand  or  art. 

Manufacture-ed-ing-or.     zmAed. 
non.  Resemble,  To  bear  the  likeness  of. 

Resemble-ed-ance.     non^nce. 
in.      Susceptible,  Capable  of  something  more. 

Suscept-ible-ibility.     mobility. 


102  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in,      Clement,  Mild  in  disposition ;  gentle,  kind. 

Clem-Ent-ently-ency.     mAent-ently-ency. 
im.    Patient,  Enduring  evils  without  murmuring. 

Pati-Ent-ently-ence.     mAent-ently-ence. 
im.    Prudent,  Careful  of  consequences;  cautious, 

Prud-Ent-ently-ence-ential-entially. 

JwAent-ently-ence. 
un.    Pliant,  That  may  be  easily  bent ;  flexible. 

PI  i-Ant-able-abil  ity-ableness. 
in.      Competent,  Sufficient  for  ;  adequate. 

Compet-Ent-ence-ency.     zViAent-ence. 
im.     Pertinent,  Relating  to  the  matter  in  hand, 

Pertin-Ent-ence-ency.     mAent-ence. 
im.  Permanent,  Remaining  unchanged. 

„,  Perman-Ent-ently-ence.     2??zAent-ently. 
un.     Prominent,  Standing  out ;  jutting. 

Promin-Ent-ently-ence-ency.    unAent. 
in.      Nutriment,  That  which  nourishes ;  food. 

N  utri-Ment-mental-tion-tious-tive . 

lttAtious-tive-tion. 
in.      Expedient,  Suitable  for  the  purpose ;  useful. 

Expedi-Ent-ently-ence-ency .     mAent-ence . 
Expedite,  To  hasten ;  to  quicken ;  to  dispatch, 

Expedite-ed-ing-ion-ious-iously. 
In.      Experiment,  A  trial ;  to  make  trial. 

Experi-Ment-mental-mentally. 
in.      Deficient,  Wanting  in  something ;  not  sufficient. 

Defici-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     indent. 
Incipient,  Beginning ;  commencing. 

Incipi-Ent-ently-ency. 
Transparent,  Admitting  a  passage  for  light, 

Transpar-Ent-ency.    semi^ut. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  103 


SECTION  XXXI. 

Rule  1st  with  the  8th,  and  note  under  it,  must  be  strictly  observed  in 
forming  words  on  this,  and  the  next  three  pages, 
un.     Actuate,  To  incite  or  move ;  to  put  in  action. 

Actuate-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Actum,  done, 
in.      Accurate,  In  exact  conformity  to  truth. 

Acc«rate-ly-ness-cy.     ^V^A•     (Note  to  rule  8.) 
un.     Conjugate,  To  give  the  inflections  of  a  verb. 

Conjugate-ed-ing-ion.    jungo,  to  join, 
un.     Consummate,  To  end,  finish  or  complete. 

Consummate-ed-ing-ion.     unAe&. 
un.     Confiscate,  To  adjudge  to  be   forfeited  to  the  State 

treasury.     Fiscus,v.  money-bag, 
un.     Dedicate,  To  set  apart  to  a  sacred  use. 

Dedicate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     wrcAed. 
un.     Emulate,  To  strive  to  equal  or  excel. 

Emulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     unjng. 
Emanate,  To  issue  from ;  to  flow  from. 

Emanate-ed-ing-ion. 
re.      Iterate,  To  repeat,  or  do  a  second  time. 

Iterate-ed-ion.     w?£Aed.     Iterum,  again, 
un.     Illustrate,  To  make  clear;  to  explain. 

lllustrate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     un^ed. 
re.      Ingratiate,  To  commend  one's  self  to  another's  good 

will  or  kindness. -ed.     reA.-ed. 
pre.  Intimate,  To  hint  at.     Familiar. 

Intimate-ed-ion-ly-cy.    prejon. 
ex.     Legislate,  To  enact  laws.     Lex,  a  law. 

Legislate-ed-ion-or-ure-ive.     e#Aor. 
re,      Masticate,  To  chew  or  grind  with  the  teeth. 

Masticate-ed-ing-ion.     re^ 


104  ANALYSIS     OF   THE 

Same  directions  as  on  the  last  page- 
in.      Adequate,  Equal  to  ;  fully  sufficient.     Aequus. 

Adequately.     ^A.-cy.    .(Note  to  Rule  8.) 
in.      Delicate,  Nice;  feeble;  of  a  fine  texture. 


un.     Dissipate,  To  scatter,  or  drive  asunder. 

Dissipate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
pre.     Dominate*,  To  rule.     Predominate,  to  rule  over. 

Dominate-ed.    _pr£?A.-ed-ing-ion. 
un.     Estimate.  To  value;  to  seta  value  on. 

Estimate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     in^ble. 
un.     Extirpate,  To  pluck  up  by  the  roots. 

Extirpate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed. 
un.     Fabricate,  To  construct  ;  to  manufacture. 

Fabricate-ed-ing-or.     unAed. 
un.     Congratulate,  To  wish  joy  to  another. 

Congratulate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     unAed  . 
un.     Insulate,  To  place  in  detached  situations. 

Insulate-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Insula>  an  island- 
un.     Initiate,  To  introduce  ;  to  instruct  in  first  principles. 

Initiate-ed-ien-ory.     un^ed.     Eo,  to  go  ;  mt  in. 
im.     Maculate,  To  spot  or  stain.     Macula,  a  stain. 

Maculate-ion.     w»A.-ion. 
un.     Mutilate,  To  cut  or  break  off;  to  mar. 

Mutilate-ed-ing-ion.     Mutilo,  to  lop  off. 
in.      Numerate,  To  number.     Numero,  to  number. 

Numer-Mff-ated-ation-able-ator. 

mAable-ably.     unin^ted. 
ap.     Proximate,  Nearest  ;  Approximate,  to  come  near. 

Proximate-ion.     #pA.-ed-ion. 
un.     Stipulate,  To  bargain,  contract  or  settle. 

Stipulate-ed-ing-ion-or.    zmAed, 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  105 

un,     Abbreviate,  To  shorten.     Brevis,  short. 

Abbreviate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     zmAed. 
un-     Affiliate,  to  adopt  as  a  son.     Filius,  a  son. 

Affiliate-ed-ion.     zmAed. 
un.     Ameliorate,    To  make  better.     Melior,  better. 

Ameliorate-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed. 

re.      Capitulate,    To   surrender  an  army;   to  repeat  the 
heads  of  a  discourse. 

Capitulate-ed.     reA.-ed-ion.     Caput,  the  head, 
un.     Expatriate,  To  banish ;  to  quit  one's  country. 

Expatriate-ed-ion.     Patria,  a  country. 
Expostulate,  To  reason  earnestly. 

Expostulate-ed-ing-ion.     Postulo,  to  ask. 
un.     Emancipate,  To  free  from  servitude. 

Emancipate-ed-or-ion.    w?zAed. 
un.     Exaggerate,  To  enlarge  on  beyond  truth. 

Exaggerate-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed. 
dis.    Incarcerate,  To  put  in  prison.     Career,  a  prison. 

Incarcerate-ed-ion.     disced. 
un.     Incorporate,  To  form  into  a  legal  body;  to  mix. 

Incorporate-ed-ing-ion.     Corpus,  a  body, 
un.     Incarnate,  To  be  embodied  in  flesh. 

Incarnate-ed-ion.     Carnis,  flesh, 
il.       Legitimate,  Lawful;  to  make  lawful. 

Legitimate-ly-cy.     z7A.-cy.     (Rule  8.) 
com.  Peregrinate,  To  travel  from  place  to  place. 

Peregrinate-ed-ing-ion.     ccwzjon. 
un.     Remunerate,  To  recompense  or  repay. 

Remunerate-ed-ion.     Munus,  a  gift, 
un.     Retaliate,  To  return  like  for  like  ;  to  repay  by  an  act 
of  the  same  kind, 

Retaliate-ed-ion-ory.     Tails,  such  like. 


106  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

un.     Adulterate,  To  pollute  ;  to  debase  by  mixture, 

Adulterate-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed.     Adultero. 
UR.     Alleviate^  To  make  light ;  to  remove  in  part. 

Alleviate-ed-ing-ion.     unAed.     Levis,  light. 
un.     Ambiguous,  Doubtful ;  having  two  or  more  meanings. 

Ambig-uous-uously-uity.  zmAuous.  [am,  round, 
co.  Belligerent,  Gerens,  Bellum,  waging  war.  Ago,  to  go, 
in.  Commensurate,  Reducible  to  the  same  measure. 

Commen3«rate-ion-bility-bleness,     Rule  8. 
un.     Commisserate,  To  pity  or  feel  sorrow  for. 

Commisserate-ed-ing-ion.  zmAed.  Miscereor,  to  pity. 
in.  Combustion,  A  burning;  a  tumult  or  uproar. 

Combust-ion-ible-ibleness.     mAible-ibility. 
in.      Compatible,  Consistent;  suitable;  agreeable. 

Compat-iUe-ibility.     mAible*ibly-ibility. 
Contumacious,  Stubbornness;  obstinacy. 

Contuma-cious-cy-ciousness. 
Coagulate,  To  curdle  ;  to  congeal.     Coagulo. 

Coagulate-ed-ion-ble-bility.     Rule  8. 
in.      Discriminate,  To  distinguish  the  difference. 

Discriminate-ed-ly-ion.     e'^.-ly-ion. 
Ejaculate,  To  throw  out.-ed-ing-ion-ory. 
un.     Equivocate,   To  use  words  of  a  doubtful  meaning. 

Equiro-caite-cation-cal-cally.     %?*Acal. 
un.     Exhilarate,  To  make  merry;  to  enliven  ;  to  cheer. 

Exhilarate^d-ing-ion.     unAed.     Hilaris,  merry, 
un.     Perforate,  To  bore  or  make  holes  through. 

Perforate-ed-ing-ion.     w?iAed. 
un.     Palliate,  To  coyer  with  excuse;  to  lessen. 

Palliate-ed-ion-ive.     Pattwn,  a  cloak, 
un.     Ruminate,  To  muse  ;  to  meditate, 

Ruminate-ed-ing-ion,     w?zAed. 


ENGLISH    LANGWAGE.  107 

SECTION  XXXII. 

Examine  Rule  3rd  with  its  first  exception,  and  Rule  4th  and  9th, 
before  forming  the  following  words. 

un.     Deny,  To  contradict ;  to  refuse  or  disown. 

Deny^-ed-ing-al-able.     w?zAed-able-ably. 
nn.     Envy,  To  repine  at  another's  prosperity. 

Envy^-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.    zmAed-ous. 
un.     Equity,  Strict  justice;  right. 

Equitable,  according  to  equal  rights. 

Equit-Able-ably-ableness.     zmAable. 
in.      Efficacy,  Power  to  produce  effects. 

Effica-cy-cious-ciously.     mAcious-ciously. 
Gratuity,  A  free  gift.     Gratuit-ous-ously. 
over.  Industry,  Habitual  diligence. 

Industry^-ous-ously.     over^ous.- 
Luxury,  Undue  indulgence  of  the  appetite. 

Luxury^-ous-ously-ousness. 
un.     Mercy,  Favor ;  kindness ;  mildness, 

Mercy^-ful-fully-fulness-less.     unj\i\. 
im-     Melody,  Agreeable  succession  of  sounds. 

Melody^-ous-ously.    fwAous.     unions. 
un.     Pity,  Sympathetic  feelings ;  tender  feelings. 

Pity^-ful-fully-less-able-ably-ableness.     un^ed. 
Pite-ous-ously.     (See  exception  first,  under  Rule  3.) 
un.     Perfidy,  Treacherous ;  a  violation  of  faith. 

Perfidy^-ous-ously-ousness.     un^ous. 
ir.      Remedy,  That  which  cures  a  disease  or  counteracts 

evil.     Remedy^-less.     Irremediable, 
un.     Symmetry,  A  due  proportion  of  parts, 

Symmetry^-cal-cally.    wwAcal. 

*  y,  is  exchanged  for  i,  and  retained  before  the  suffixes. 


108  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

See  Rule  9th  and  its  exception  ;  also  Rule  4th. 

Beautify,  To  make  beautiful  —  Beauti-Fy-fied-ful-less- 

ous^-ously-ousness. 
un.     Clarify,  To  make  clear.     Clarus,  clear. 

Clarify-ed-ing-cation.     w^Aed. 
un.     Defy,  To  dare  to  combat ;  to  challenge, 

Defy-ed-ing-er-ance.    zmAed. 
un.     Edify,  To  improve  the  mind  in  knowledge. 

Edify-ed-ing-ingly  •  cation.    zmAed. 
un.     Fortify,  To  strengthen,  as  by  forts  or  otherwise. 

Fortify-ed-ing-er-cation.    zmAed. 
un.    Mortify,  To  destroy  vital  functions  ;  to  humble. 

Mortify-ed-ing-cation.     wraAed. 
un.    Notify,  To  publish ;  to  make  known. 

Notify-ed-er-ing-cation.    w^Aed. 
un.     Ossify,  To  become  bone ;  to  form  bone. 

Ossify-ed-ing-cation.    wraAed. 
semi.  Petrify,  To  convert  to  stone  ;  to  make  callous. 

Petri-ry-ied-ing-factiont.     se;?zAified. 
un.     Kectify,  To  make  right ;  to  correct. 

Rectify-ed-er-ing-cation.    w?iAed. 
un-     Karefy,  To  make  thin  or  less  dense. 

Rare-Fy-fied-factiont-fiable.    zmAfied. 
un-    Ramify,  To  divide  into  branches. 

Ramify-ed-ing-cation.    zmAed, 
dis.    Satisfy,  To  gratify  the  wants  or  desires. 

Satis-Fy-fied-fying-factiont.     zmAfied. 
ob.     Stupefy,  To  make  stupid  ;  to  blunt. 

Stupe-Fy-fied-factiont,    ^faction, 
un.    Vitrify,  To  become,  or  form  glass. 

Vitri-Fy-fied-factiont-fiable .    zm.fied. 

*  Exception  under  Rule  3.  t  Exception  under  Rule  10. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


109 


SECTION  XXXII. 

ON  this  page  and  the  next,  the  student  may  first  define  the  given 
word,  then  combine  its  prefixes  and  define  it  in  such  connection.  Most 
of  the  words  here  used  are  found  in  other  parts  of  the  book,  with  their 
derivatives. 

The  exercise  is  merely  to  render  the  prefixes  more  familiar,  and  may 
be  often  repeated,  singly  or  in  concert. 

over  un.  Anxious,  Greatly  concerned ;  solicitous, 

mis  re.  Choose,  To  pick  out ;  to  select  or  prefer, 

super  sub.  Celestial,  Relating  to  heaven.    Ccelum,  heaven, 

over  in.  Curious,  Strong  desire  for  novelty  ;  nice, 

dis  un.  Courteous,  Polite ;  well-bred  ;  civil, 

in  over.  Diligent,  Steady  in  application  ;  not  idle, 

in  mis.  Direct,  To  point  or  aim  ;  straight ;  right, 

demi  equi.  Distance,  Remoteness  ;  reserved, 

in  un.  Discreet,  Prudent ;  cautious  ;  not  rash, 

bi  un.  Fold,  To  double  ;  an  enclosure . 

mis  re.  Judge,  To  hear  and  determine  a  case, 

re  con.  Join,  To  unite;  to  connect, 
counter  equi.  Poise,  To  balance  in  weight- 

preter  im.  Perfect,  Finished ;  complete, 

non  in.  Sane,  Sound;  healthy;  having  reason, 

counter  pre.  Signal,  A  sign  given;  memorable, 

mis  un.  Sent,  Dispatched ;  thrown  or  cast, 

anti  un,  Scriptural,  According  to  Scripture, 

con  sub.  Sequence,  That  which  follows, 

re  un.  Tempted,  Inticed ;  allured, 

mis  un.  Taught,  Instructed. 

ante  proto,  Type,  An  emblem  ;  a  model ;  to  prefigure, 

con  inter.  Texture,  The  act  of  weaving ;  a  web. 

pyro  poly.  Technics,  Doctrine  of  arts  in  general. 
10 


110 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


under  co.  Agent,  An  actor  ;  an  active  cause. 

over  super.  Abound,  To  possess  much  of;  prevalent. 

un  in.  Arable,  Fit  for  plowing.     Aro,  to  plow. 

dis  un.  Belief,  An  assent  of  the  mind  to, 

after  mis.  Conduct,  Good  or  bad  action;  behavior. 

over  mis,  Carry,  To  bear,  convey  or  transport. 

mono  a,  Chromatic,  Relating  to  color. 

ante  post.  Diluvian,  Pertaining  to  the  flood. 

geo  helio.  Centric,  Pertaining  to  the  center. 

be  de.  Charm,  To  control  by  incantation. 

over  il.  Liberal,  Of  a  free  heart ;  generous . 

preter  il.  Legal,  According  to  law.     Lex,  law. 

inter.  Mediate,  To  interpose  to  effect  a  union. 

unim  im.  Mortal,  Subject  to  death  ;  deadly. 

im  un.  Malleable,  That  may  be   drawn  out  by  ham- 
mering. 

im  un.  Polite,  Courteous  ;  refined.     Polis,  a  city. 

dys  eu.  Peptic,  Promoting  digestion.  [edge. 

non  im.  Proficiency,  Improvement  ;  progress  in  knowl- 

re  un.  Pack,  To  put  together  in  order ;  a  bundle. 

re  over.  Pay,  To  remunerate  ;  to  discharge  as  a  debt. 

re  pre.  Possess,  To  have  ;  to  hold  or  occupy. 

im  re.  Plant,  To  put  in  the  ground,  as  seed, 

re  dis.  People,  The  inhabitants  of  any  place. 

un  re.  Traced,  Marked  out;  delineated. 

mis  dis.  Trust,  To  place  confidence  in. 

super.  Vision,  Sight ;  the  faculty  of  seeing. 

in  un.  Tractable,  Easily  led  or  taught. 

dis  re.  Union,  A  joining ;  a  junction. 

in  inter.  Weave,  To  unite  threads  in  making  cloth; 
to  insert. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  Ill 

SECTION  XXXIIL 

Defining  by  two  Prefixes. 

in  unin.     Debt,  What  is  owing  from  one  to  another. 

Debt-or.     mAed-edness.     unin^d. 

Debtor,  the  person  who  owes. 

Indebted,  being  in  debt  or  was  in  debt. 

Indebtedness ,  the  state  of  being  in  debt. 

Unindebted,  was  not  indebted.    . 
in  un.     Apt,  Fit ;  suitable.     Aptitude,  fitness. 

Apt-ly-ness-itude.     injtu.de.     unAly. 
mis  un.     Aim,  To  point  at ;  to  try  to  accomplish. 

Aim-ed-ing.     ?nisA.     un^ed. 
super  un.     Add,  To  put  together ;  to  unite. 

Add-ed-ition-itional.     un^ed.     super^ 
in  un.     Art,  Skill ;  cunning.     Artificial,  made  by  art. 

Art-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness-ificial-isan-ist.  mAificial 
out  un.     Boast,  To  brag  in  speech  ;  to  exalt  one's  self, 

Boast-ed-er-ing-ful-fully.     unAiug.     outA. 
all  un.     Dread,  Great  fear;  apprehension  of  evil. 

Dread-ful-fully-fulness-less.     unAed. 
be  un.     Deck,  or  Bedeck,  To  adorn,  embellish  or  clothe, 

Deck-ed-ing.     unAed.     beA. 
re  un.     Draft,  To  delineate  ;  to  draw  the  outline. 

Drafted,     reA.-ed-ing.     unAed. 
re  un,     Gain,  To  obtain;  to  win;  to  acquire. 

Gain-ed-er-ing.     reA.-ed.     un^ed. 
ap  il.     Laud,  To  praise  in  words.     Laus,  praise. 

Applause,  to  give  praise  to. 

Laud-able -ableness-atory.     ap^     #Aable,    * 
re  un.     Mind,  To  obey  ;  to  fix  the  thoughts.     Intellect. 

Mind-ful-fully-less.     zm/ul-fully.     reA. 


112  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

re  un.     Adorn,  To  deck  or  ornament.    Orno,  to  deck. 

Adorn-ed-ing-ment.     reA.-ed.    wrcAed. 
mis  un.     Accept,  To  receive  what  is  offered;  to  agree. 

Accept-ed-ing-ance-alion-able-ably-ability. 
re  un.     Adjust,  To  put  in  order ;  to  settle.     Jus,  right. 

Adjust-ed-ing-ment.     reA.-ed.     un^ed.. 
dis  un.     Allow,  To  grant ;  admit ;  afford. 

Allow-ed-ance-able.     dwAed-able.     un^ed- 
pre  un.     Acquaint,,  To  make  fully  known  ;  to  inform. 

Acquaint-ed-ance.    ^?reAance.     z^ed. 
self  un.     Deceit,  Fallacy  ;  fraud ;  cheat ;  double  dealing. 

Deceit-ful-fully -fulness-less.     un£v\. 
all  un.     Devour,  To  eat  with  greediness  ;  to  destroy. 

Devour-ed-ing.    zmAed.     ailing.     Voro. 
in  un.     Discern,  To  distinguish  by  the  eye. 

Discern-ed-ible.     un^ed-    foible.     Cerno,  to  see. 
re  un.     Discuss,   To  debate.     Quatio,  to  shake,  dis,  apart. 

Discuss-ed-ion.    un^ed.    reA. 
super  self.     Exalt,  To  raise  high  ;  to  elevate.     Altus,  high, 

Exalt-ed-ation.      ^Z/^ation.     super^tion. 
in  un.     Exhaust,  To  draw  out;  to  drain. 

Exhaust-ed-ion.     injble.    Haurio,  to  draw, 
in  un.     Explain,  To  make  plain ;  to  expound. 

Explain-ed-able.     Explan-Ation-atory. 
over  re.     Flourish,  To  grow  luxuriantly ;  to  thrive. 

Flourish-ed-ing.     Flos,  a  flower. 
in  un.     Fracture,  or  Infraction,  A  breach;  a  rupture, 

Fract-ure-ion-ional.     w^ured. 
re  un,     Install,  To  induct  or  place  in  office- 

Install-ed-ation.     zmAed.     reA.-ed. 
il  un.     Limit,  To  bound  or  set  bounds  to- 

Limit-ed-ati  on-less.     ^Aable.     un^ed. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  113 

re  un.     Adjourn,  To  defer  till  another  time. 

Adjourn-ed-ment.     r£A.-ed.     un^ed. 

re  un.     Adopt,  To  take  a  child  as  an  heir;    to  select  and 
take ;  to  take  as  one's  own. 

Adopt-ed-ion.     ?^zAed.     Opto,  to  choose, 
dis  un.     Anoint,  To  pour  oil  on  ;  to  besmear  with  oil. 

Anoint-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
re  un.     Assault,  To  attack  with  violence . 

Assault-ed-ing.     zmAed.    reA. 
self  un.     Banish,  To  condemn  to  exile. 

Banish-ed-inent.     zmAed.     self-ment. 
mis  un.     Bestow,  To  give ;  to  impart  to,  or  confer. 

Bestow-ed-ing-al-ment.     misAed. 
de  inter.     Nation,  People  under  one  government. 

Nation-al-ally-ality.     internal. 
im  un.     Perish,  To  die  ;  in  a  state  of  decay. 

Perish-ed-able-     unjng.     mAable. 
im  un.     Prosper,  To  render  successful ;   to  thrive. 

Prosper-ed-ous-ously-ity.     imjty.     un^ovts. 
re  un.     Publish,  To  make  public ;  to  utter  or  print. 

Publish -ed-ing-ment.     un^d.     reA. 
ir  un.     Redeem,  To  ransom  or  purchase  back. 

Redeem-ed-er-ing.     zVAable.     2^Aed. 
dis  un,     Regard,  To  observe  ;  to  look  towards. 

Regard-ed-ful-fully-less.     un^d.     dis^ 
ir  un.     Reproach,  To  censure,  or  treat  with  scorn. 

Reproach-ed-ful-fully-able.     z>Aable.     un^ed. 
inun.     Support,  To  bear;  uphold;  maintain. 

Support-ed-able.     in^abie.     ^^?^Aed. 

re  un.     Summon,  To  notify  by  authority  to  appear  at  some 
place  ;  to  call  up. 

Summon-ed.     unAQd.     reA. 

10* 


114  ANALYSIS    OF   THE 

in  un.     Alter,  To  make  some  change  in.     Alter,  another. 

Alter-ed-ing-ation-able-ability.     mAable-ably.     zmAed. 
in  un.     Contest,  To  dispute  or  strive.     A  strife. 

Contest-ed-ing-able.     ?mAed-able.     mAable-ably.     Testis, 

a  witness, 
self  un.     Convict,  To  prove  guilty.     Vinco,  to  conquer. 

Convict-ed-ing-ion,     scZ/^ed,     w^Aed. 
unac  ac.     Custom,  Frequent  or  common  use. 

Accustom,  To  make  familiar  by  use. 

Custom-ary-arily.     #cA,-ed.    w^#cAed. 
dis  un.     Enchant,  To  practice  sorcery  ;  to  delight. 

Enchant-ed-ment.     disced.     ?mAed. 
in  un.     Expert,  Skillful ;  experienced ;  prompt. 

Expert-ly-ness.     inA.     Perior,  to  try. 
super  un.     Intend,  To  mean  or  design.     Tendo,  to  stretch. 

Superintend,  To  extend  over ;  to  oversee. 

Intend-ed-ing.     super ±.~ent.     w^Aed. 
un.     Invert,  To  turn  upside  down.     Verto,  to  turn. 

Invert-ed-ing.     wwAed 
un  re.     Polish,  To  make  smooth ;  refinement. 

Polish-ed-ing-er-able.     reA.     zmAed. 
dis  un.     Sever,  or  Dissever;  To  separate  by  violence. 

Sever-ed-ing-ance.     feAed-ance. 
in  un.     Suffer,  To  feel  what  is  painful ;  to  undergo. 

Suffer-ed-ing-er-ance-able.     mAable. 
in  un.     Temper,  Disposition  ;  mood ;  humor. 

Temperate,  Moderate ;  abstemious. 

Temper-ate-ance.     mAate-ance. 
rein  in.     Vigor,  Energy ;  active  strength. 

Invigorate,  To  make  vigorous. 

Vigor-ous-ously.  mAate-ated-ating.  mraAate-ated,  Vigor. 
strength. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  115 

re  un.     Assert,  To  affirm  or  aver  ;  To  affirm. 

Assert-ed-ing-ion-or.     reA.-ed-ion.     un^ed. 
re  un.     Attack,  To  assail  by  force  or  words. 

Attack-ed-ing.     re^.-ed.     un^d. 
dis  un.     Avow,  To  declare  openly.     Voveo,  to  vow. 

Avow-ed-al.     feA--ed-al.     un^ed. 
in  un.     Civil,  Relating  to  policy;  sober;  well-bred. 

Civilize,  to  reclaim  from  a  savage  state. 

Civil-ly-ity-ize-ized-ization.     injiyt     un^. 
in  un.     Congeal,  To  become  thick  or  stiff.     Gelu,  frost. 

Congeal-ed-ation.     in^ible.     ?mAed. 
in  un.     Control,  To  govern ;  to  keep  under  check. 

Control-led-ler-lable.     invisible.     Rule  6. 
in  un.     Corrupt,  To  vitiate  or  make  worse. 

Corrupt-ed-ing-er-ion-ible.     mAible. 
dis  un.     Inthrall  or  Enthrall,  To  enslave. 

Inthrall-ed-ing-ment.     disced,    un^ed. 
re  un.     Foment,  To  bathe  with  warm  liquors. 

Foment-ed-ing-ation.     reAed,     un^ed, 
dis  un.     Favor,  To  befriend ;  resemblance ;  kind  regard- 

Favor-ed-able-ableness.     w?zAable.     dis^ 
in  un.     Frugal,  sparing ;  a  prudent  use  of. 

Frugal-ly-ity.     injty.    un^. 
in  un.     Grateful,  Thankful ;  a  sense  of  benefits. 

Grateful-ly-ness.     w7iA.ly-ness. 
un.     Record,  To  register;  to  write  in  ;  a  register  of  facts 

Record-ed-er.     un^ed. 
dis  un.     Relish,  To  please  the  taste  ;  a  pleasing  taste. 

Relish-ed-ing-able.     dis&.     tmted. 
in  un.     Utter,  To  speak  or  pronounce  words. 

Utter-ed-ing-ance.     mAable.     unAed. 
e.     Vanish,  To  disappear.-ed-ing.     Evanescent. 


116  ANALYSTS     OF    THE 

SECTION  XXXIV. 

in  un.     Diminish,  To  lessen  ;  to  impajr.     Minus,  less. 

Diminish-ed-ing-able.     zXable-     w?zAed. 
re  un.     Deliver,  To  free  ;  to  surrender  ;  to  utter  a  speech- 

Deliver-ed-er-ance-able.     reA.     un^ed.. 
dis  un.     Embarrass,  To  perplex  ;  to  render  intricate- 

Ernbarrass-ed-ing-ment.     dis^.     ?^Aed, 
in  non.     Elastic,  Springing  back ;  rebounding, 
super  un.     Excel,  To  go  beyond ;  to  surpass.     Celsus,  lofty. 

Excellent,  better  than  common. 

Excel-lent-lence.     super &\eut-lence. 
re'en  en.     Joy,  Gladness  ;  mirth;  hilarity. 

Joy-ful-fully-less-ous.     Exception  2d  under  Eule  3. 

.Ercjoy,  To  take  pleasure  in.     reen^ 
dis  un.     Order,  To  direct;  regular  arrangement. 

Disorder,  to  put  out  of  order. 

Order-ed-ing-ly.     disced.     «?zAly- 
unem  em.     Power,  Force  ;   ability  to  do  or  cause. 

Power-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness. 

.Empower,  to  give  power  to.-ed-ing. 
ap  over.     Prize,  or  Apprize,  To  set  value  on  ;  to  value. 

Prize-ed.     0pA-ed-al-ment.     overfed. 
dis  un-     Serve,  To  work  for ;  to  wait  on.     Service,  labor. 

Serviceable,  that  does  service.     Servile,  slavish. 

Serve-ice-ieeable-iceably-iceableness- 

ant-ile-ility-ileness-itude.     zmAiceable. 
dis  m,is.     Trust,  To  confide  in  ;  confidence. 

Trust-ed-ful.     mis^.-ed-     disced- 
n  un.     Vary,  To  alter  in  any  manner;  to  differ. 

Vary-ed-ing.     mAable-ably.     Kule  3. 

*  Mistrust,  implies  suspicion  ;  Distrust,  want  of  confidence. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  117 


SECTION  XXXV. 

Words  arranged  like  the  following,  are  combined  as  below, 
pre  super.     Eminent,  High;  exalted  in  rank. 

3  2  1 

Pre-super-Einin-Ent-ently-ence- 

1.  Eminent,  eminently,  eminence. 

2.  Stiperem'ment,  supereminently,  supereminence. 

3.  Pre-eminent,  pre-eminently,  pre-eminence, 
dis  in.     Obedient,  submissive  to  authority. 

dis-in-Obedi-Ent-ently-enee. 

Obedient,  obediently,  obedience. 

jfoobedient,  inobediently,  inobedience. 

Disobedient,  disobediently,  disobedience, 
ar  de.     Range,  To  set  in  a  row  ;  to  rove. 

ar-de-Range-ed-ing.     dement,     arjnent. 
disen  en.     Cumber,  or  .Encumber,  To  load  or  burden. 

C  umber-ed-ing-some-someness. 

.Ewcum-Ber-bering-brance.     disenjber. 
out  en.     Compass,  To  stretch  around  ;  to  encompass, 

Compass-ed-ing.     .E^compass-ed-ing. 
unpre  pre.     Destine,  To  ordain  or  appoint ;  to  doom. 

Destine-ed-ing-y-ation.     zmAed. 

Predestinate-ed-ion.     unpre^ed- 
re  un.     Importune,  To  request  with  urgency. 

Importunate,  urgent  in  request, 

Importune-ed-ing-ate-ately-ity.     zmAed. 
re.     Suscitate,  To  rouse  ;  to  call  into  life  or  action. 

Suscitate-ed-ing-ion.     reA.-ed-ion. 
dis  as.     Similar,  Resembling ;  like.     Similis,  like. 

.Assimilate,  to  make  or  cause  to  be  like. 

Simil-Ar-arity.    ^'sA£ir-arity.     asAate-ated-ation. 


}  18  ANALYSIS     OF     THE. 


SECTION  XXXVI. 

See  Rule  1st  and  2nd  for  this  and  the  next  two  pages. 

con  ex.     Cave,  or  Cavern,  A  hollow  place  in  the  earth. 

Concave,  hollowing  inwardly.     Excavate,  to  dig  out. 
Cave-ern-ity.     co^A.-ity.     e£Aate-ated-ation. 
de  in.     Fame,  Public  report;  rumor;  renown. 

Fame-ous-ously.     mAous-ously-y. 

Defame,  to  slander,     ed-ing-ation-atory. 
in  unin.     Flame,  A  blaze  ;  fire.     Inflame,  to  set  on  fire. 

Flame-less.     mA--ed-ing.     unin^ed. 

Jftflam-Mable-mability-mableness-matory. 
be  un.     Grudge,  or  Begrudge,  To  envy  or  murmur. 

Grudge-ed-ing-ingly.     be^ed.     unbend. 
mis  un.     Guide,  To  direct.     A  conductor. 

Guide-ed-ance.     mi$A-ance.     un^ed. 
un.     Hope,  To  cherish  a  desire  of  some  good. 

Hope-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less.     unjul- 
inter  un.     Pledge,    To   pawn   something  as   security ;    to 
engage  to  fulfill  a  promise. 

Pledge-ed-or-ee.     inter  ^     unAed. 
dis  un.     Please,  To  excite  agreeable  emotion. 

Please-ed-ing-ure-urable.     dis^.-ed-ure. 
re  un.     Seize,  To  lay  hold  on  suddenly ;  to  take. 

Seize-ed-ing-ure.     rcAure.     un^ed. 

non  in.     Sense,  reason.     The   faculty   by   which   external 
objects  are  perceived. 

Sense-less-lessly-ible-ibly-ibility-ableness-ation.     zXible- 

ibly-ibility.     nonA. 
un.    Shame-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  119 

all  un.     Atone,  To  expiate  an  offence;  to  make  amends. 

Atone-ed-ing-ment.     unAed.     aZZJng. 
all  un.     Admire,  To  regard  with  wonder. 

Admire-ed-ing-er-ation-able-ably-ability.    &ftAed-ing.  all^ 

ing.     Miro?',  to  wonder, 
all  un.     Adore,  To  worship  ;  to  pay  Divine  honor  to. 

Adore-ed-ing-ation-able.     unAed. 
in  un.     Converse,  To  talk.     Conversable,  free  in  discourse. 

Converse-ed-able-ation.     injible.     zmAable. 
mis  un.     Contrive,  To  invent,  devise  or  plan. 

Contrive-ed-ance-er.     mis^     unAed. 
in  un.     Conclude,  To  decide ;  to  finish  ;  to  infer. 

Conclude-ed-ing.     unAe&. 

Conclus-ion-ive-ively.     eXive-ively. 
ex  inter.     Commune,  To  converse  ;  to  confer. 

Communicate,  To  impart  to  another. 

.Excommunicate,  To  cut  off  communion. 
Commune-ed-ion-icate-ication-icative-icant-icable. 

&EAicate-ication,     interjection.     z'?zAicable. 
in  un.     Decide,  To  determine  ;  to  end  ;  to  fix, 

Decide-ed-ing-er.     unAed. 

Decis-ion-i  ve-ively .     injou-ive . 
in  un.    Define,  To  explain  ;  to  mark  the  limits. 

Define-ed-er-ition-able.     mAable,     un^ed, 
in  un.     Dispute,  To  contend  in  argument,     Strife. 

Dispute-ed-ation-able.    ^Xable.     un^ed. 
pre  un,     Declare,  To  tell  explicitly  ;  to  make  plain. 

Declare-ed-ation-ative-atory.    pre^tion. 
mis  un.     Fortune,  success  ;  good  luck ;  wealth. 

Fortunate,  successful ;  lucky. 

Fortune-ate-ately.     zm^te  ately.     mis^ 


120  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

dis  un.     Agree,  To  assent;  to  be  of  one  mind.     Rule  1. 

Agreeable,  pleasing.     Disagreeable,  not  pleasing. 

Agree-ed-ing-ment-able-ably-ableness. 

d&A.-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness.     un^ed. 
dis  un.     Abuse,  To  use  or  treat  ill.     Rule  1. 

Disabuse,  to  free  from  mistake. 

Abuse-ed-ive-ively.     feA«-ed-ing.     &wAed. 
re  un.     Compile,  To  collect  matter  for  a  book. 

Compile-ed-er-ing-ation.     zmAed.     r<?A. 
in  un.     Compare,  To  liken  one  thing  to  another. 

Compare-ed-ison-able-ative.     inAMe. 
mis  un.     Construe,  To  translate  ;  to  interpret. 

Construe-ed.     misled,     un^ed. 
semi  un.     Calcine,  To  reduce  to  fineness  by  heat. 

Calcine-ed-ation.     semi^ed.   un^ed. 
mis  un.     Derive,  To  draw  or  receive  as  from  a  source. 

Derive-ed-ation-ative-able.    zmAed. 
in  re.     Flexile,  Easily  bent ;  pliant.     Flecto,  to  bend. 

Flex-ile-ible-ibility.     wijble-ibility.     reAity. 
in  un.    Fertile,  Fruitful ;  rich ;  inventive. 

Fertile-ity-ize-ization.    injty.    un^. 
mis  un.     Improve,  To  make  better  in  any  sense. 

Improve-ed-ment-able.    un^ed.     mis^. 
mis  un.     Manage,  To  conduct.    Rule  2,    Exception  Rule  1. 

Manage -ed-able-ably-ableness-ment.     misA. 
non  un.     Observe,  To  notice  with  attention. 

Observe-ed-ation-able-ance-atory. 
im  un.      Perceive,  To  observe  ;  to  understand. 

Perceive-able.     Percep-xion-tive-tible.     mAtible. 
self  un.     Preserve,  To  save  ;  to  keep  safe  from  injury. 

Preserve-er-ation-ative-able.    seZ/^ation. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  121 

SECTION  XXXVIII. 

re  un,     Compensate,  To  make  amends ;    to  give  an  equiva- 
lent; to  remunerate.      Compenso. 

Compensate-ed-ing-ion-ory.    ?^A.-ed.     un^ed. 
re  un.     Celebrate,  To  praise  or  make  famous. 

Celebrate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     reA. 
all  un.     Devastate,  To  lay  waste  ;  to  ravage  or  destroy. 

Devastate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     #ZZAing. 
self  un.     Educate,  To  instruct ;  to  bring  up,  as  children. 

Educate- ed-or-ion-ional.     self^ed.     un^d. 
in  un.     Expiate,  To  atone  for  ;  to  make  reparation. 

Expiate-ed-ion-ory.     un^ed.     mAble.     Rule  8. 
contra  sub.     Indicate,  To  point  out  or  show. 

Indicate-ed-ion-ive.     eoTtfroJon, 
in  un.     Imitate,  To  copy  after  ;  to  counterfeit. 

Imitate-ed-or-ion-ble.     mAble.     unAed. 
im  un.     Mitigate,  To  alleviate  ;  to  abate.     Mitis,  mild. 

Mitigate-ed-ing-ion.     zmAed. 
in  un.     Separate,  To  divide  or  part;  disunion. 

Separate-ed-ion-ble-bility.     i?iA\Ae.     unAed. 
in  un.     Articulate,  To  utter  words  distinctly. 

Articulate-ed-ion.     unAed.     in^.-ion. 
re  un.     Accelerate,  To  quicken,  as  motion  ;  to  hasten. 

Accelerate-ed-ing-ion-ory .     un^ed . 
irre  re.     Conciliate,  To  reconcile;  to  gain  the  affect  ions. 

Conciliate-ed-ing-ory.     unAed. 

.Zfeconcile-ed-iation-ing.     2?T£Aable. 
re  un.     Interrogate,  To  question.     Rogo,  to  ask. 

Interrogate-ed-ion-ive-ory.     ^?zAed.     reA. 
mis  un.     Translate,  To  interpret ;  to  transfer. 

Translate-ed-ion.     w&A.-ed.     nn^d. 


322  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in  un.     Access,  A  coming  to ;  a  near  approach. 

Access-ion-ible-ibility.     mAible-ibility.     unable. 
un.     Amiable,  Lovely,     Ami-Able-ably-ability.     w7 

Applicable,  That  may  be  applied  ;  suitable ;  fit. 

Applica-sle-bly-bility.     wzAble-bility. 
in.     Capable,  Having  sufficient  capacity  for. 

Capacitate,  to  make  capable  of.     Capio,  to  take, 

Cap-Able-abiiity-acitate-acious-acity. 

mAable-ability-acitate-acitated. 
un.     Determine,  To  decide.-ed-ing-ation.    un^ed. 

Demonstrate,  to  prove  beyond  a  doubt. 

Demonstrate-ed-or-ion-ble-bly. 
in.     Eligible,  Fit  or  worthy  to  be  chosen.     Eligo,  to  choose. 

Elig-ible-ibly-ibility.     mAible-ibility. 
un.     Hesitate,  To  be  in  doubt.     Hesitate-ed-ing-ion. 
un.     Illuminate,  To  enlighten. -ed-ing-ion. 

Negotiate,  To  transact  business.-ed-ion-ble-or. 

Precarious,  Uncertain.-ly-ness. 
un.     Propitiate,  To  conciliate  or  reconcile. 

Impropitious,  unfavorable.     Propitio. 

Propiti-Ate-ated-ating-ation-ator-atory. 

?'#iAous-ously.     unAous. 
in.     Subordinate,  Inferior  in  order,  rank,  &c. 

Subordinate-ly-ion.     Ordo,  order, 
in.     Salubrious,  Favorable  to  health.     Solus t  safety. 

Salubri-ous-ously-ty.     ^Aous-ty. 

Vincible,  That  may  be  overcome.     Vinco. 

J/ivinci-Ble-bly-bility-bleness. 
in.     Violate,  To  break  as  a  law.-ed-ion-ble-or. 
re  un.     Capture,  To  take  or  seize  as  a  prisoner. 

Capt-ure-or-ured-uring.     reAure.     unAured. 
mis  over.     Kule,  To  govern.-ed-er-ing.     mis^.     overA. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  123 

SECTION  XXXIX, 

Defining  ly  the  use  of  three  Prefixes. 
im  re  un.     Bound,  To  limit;  to  leap.     A  limit- 

Bound-ed-ary-less.     wftAed.     re^    im^ 

Bounded,  did  bound  or  limit. 

Boundary,  that  which  bounds. 

BoundZm,  without  bounds. 

Unbounded,  was  not  bounded, 

.Kebound,  to  bound  back. 

/rabound,  to  bound  in  or  inclose, 
ab  in  un.     Err,  To  go  astray ;  to  do  wrong, 

.Serration,  a  wandering  from. 

Err-ed-ing-or-atic-able-ableness, 

Ration.     mAable.     &wjng-ingly-able. 
arch  co  un.     Found,  To  lay  the  basis ;  to  begin. 

Found-ed-er-ation-ationless.     archer,     un^ed* 
dis  un.     Grace,  Favor ;  good  will ;  to  adorn. 

Grace-ful-f ully-less-ious .     disj ul. 
dis  re  un.     Joint,  The  joining,  or  place  of  joining, 

Joint-ed-less.     disced,     un^ed. 
dis  en  un.     Robe,  or  Enrobe,  To  put  on  a  robe- 
an  de  un.     Note,  To  notice  ;  to  mark ;  a  short  letter, 

.^notation,  a  remark,  or  note. 

Denote,  to  mark  out ;  to  signify. 

Note-ed-ation.     Cation.     deA.-ed. 
dis  mis  un.     Place,  To  set.  or  put  in  some  place. 

Place-ed-ing.     misled,     disced. 
dis  self  un.     Praise,  To  commend. 

Praise-ed-worthy.     selfA.     un^ed. 
dis  im  un.     Plume,  A  feather;  token  of  honor. 

Plume-less-let,    ^,-ed.     mAous. 


J24  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

fore  mis  un.     Advise,  To  give  counsel  to.     Video,  to  see. 

Advise-ed-er-ing-able-ory.     ?nisA.-ed.     un^ed. 
ab  in  un.     Alien,  A  foreigner.     Alienus,  foreign. 
Alienate,  to  transfer  to  another. 
Alien-ate-ated-ation-able.     injMe*     Ration, 
dis  mis  un.      Belief,   Persuasion  of  truth ;    assent  of  the 

mind.     Believe,  to  give  credit  to. 
Believe-ed-er-ing.     dis-mis-un-Belief. 
unas  as  un.     Certain,  sure  ;  undoubted.     Certus,  sure. 
Certain-ly-ty.     Ascertain,  to  make  sure* 
^Iscertain-ed-ing.     unasked. 
in  re  un.     Combine,  To  unite  ;  to  link  together. 

Combine-ed-ation.     relation.     mAable.     un^d. 
dis  re  un.     Commend,  To  praise  ;  to  applaud. 

Commend-ed-ing*ation-atory.     reA.     dis# 
all  in  un.     Consume,  To  destroy  ;  to  waste  away. 

Consume-ed-er-ing.     mAable-ably.     ailing. 
in  mis  un.     Correct,  Right,  or  to  make  right. 
Correct-ed-ing-ion-ive.     Rectus,  right, 
Correct-ly-ness.     in^     mis^d.     un^d. 
in  re  un.     Consider,  To  think ;  to  fix  the  mind  on. 
Consider-ed-ation.     reA.-ed-ation. 
Considerate,  Thoughtful.     inA  Ay -Ion-ness. 
anti  pre  un.     Constitute,  To  fix,  establish  or  make. 

Constitute-ed-ion-ional.    preAed.     anti,iona\. 
fore  pre  un.     Design,  To  plan  ;  to  intend.     A  scheme. 

Design-ed-er-ing-ation.    preyed.     ?mAed. 
in  self  un.     Destroy,  To  demolish,  or  lay  waste  ;  to  ruin. 
Destroy-ed-er-ing.     self^er.     Exception  Rule  3. 
Destruct-ion-ive-ively-ible.     2»Aible.     selfjon. 
reim  im  re.     Print,  To  impress  letters  or  figures  on  paper 
or  other  substances. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 

dis  in  un.     Console,  To  comfort  or  alleviate  grief. 

Console-ed-ing-able-ation-atory-ator. 

'mAable-ably-ation-ateness.     zmAed. 
in  sub  un.     Divide,  To  separate  ;  to  make  partition. 

sub-Divide-ed-ing.     un^ed. 

Divis-ion-ible-ibility.     wjble-ibility, 
all  im  pre.    Mature,  To  ripen ;  to  perfect.     Ripe. 

Mature-ed-ity-ness.    preA.     im^ 
under  re  un.     Purchase,  to  buy  as  property. 

Purchase-ed-er.     under^r.     reA. 
in  unob  ob.     Noxious,  Hurtful ;  poisonous. 

Obnoxious,  liable  or  exposed  to. 

Noxious -ly.     0#A.-ly,    unobK. 
over  in  un.     Offend,  To  displease.     Offense,  displeasure, 

Offend-ed-ing-or.     unAe&.     overfed. 

Offense-ive-ively-iveness.     inj.ve. 
pre  re  un.     Obtain,  To  get  or  gain ;  to  succeed  in. 

Obtain-ed-able.     wraAed-able. 

?-eAed -ing-able.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

dis  mis  un.     Profess,  To  make  open  declaration ;  to  avow  ; 
to  acknowledge  ;  to  declare. 

Profess-ed-ion-ional.     disA,     ?nis^. 

after  ir  un.     Repent,  To  feel  sorrow  for  what  was  wrong  ; 
to  change  the  mind. 

Repent-ed-ance.     afterjunce.     ?mAing. 
mis  out  un.     Reckon,  To  count,  compute  or  estimate. 

Reckon-ed-ing.     mwA.     outA.     un^ed. 
cor  out  un.     Rival,  To  strive  for  an  object  in  opposition  to 
some  other  person. 

Rival-ed-ing.    zmAed.     cut^:    COA. 
all  re  un.     Search,  To  seek  for ;  to  explore. 

Search-ed-ing-ingly.     alljng.     re^.     unable, 


126  ANALYSIS    OF   THE 

in  non  un.     Attend,  To  wait  on;  to  go  with  ;  to  listen  to. 

Attend-ed-ing-ant-ance.     nonjmce. 

Attent-ive-ively-ion.     ^Jve-ively-ion. 
dis  ex  un.     Author,  The  writer  of;  the  first  mover  of* 

Authorize,  to  give  power  to  ;  to  empower. 

Author-ess-ship-ize-ized.     disjze.     unsized. 
all  re  un.     Conquer,  To  subdue  or  gain  by  force. 

Conquer-ed-ing-or-able,     #ZZAing. 

?£ftAed-able-ableness.     reA.-ed. 
mis  pre  self.     Conceit,  To  imagine.     A  notion  or  fancy, 

Conceit-ed-edly-ful-less.     self^.     unAed. 
pre  re  un.     Consult,  To  seek  the  opinion  of  others, 

Consult-ed-ation.    pre^tion.     mi^ed. 
in  re  un.     Digest,  To  concoct  food  ;  to  arrange. 

Digest-ed-ion-ive.     t?zAable.     un^ed. 
dis  mis  self.     Esteem,  To  prize  ;  to  set  value  on. 

Esteem-ed-ing.     selfA.     dis&.     misA. 
mis  self  un.     Govern,  To  direct  by  authority. 

Govern-or-ment.     selfjnent.     misA. 
in  re  un.     Gather,  To  collect ;  to  bring  together. 

Gather-ed-ing.     ^*?^A.     Te^.   un^ed. 
in  self  un.     Glory,  Brightness  ;  lusture  ;  splendor. 

Glorify,  to  Make  glorious,  or  give  glory  to. 

Glory-ous-ously.     z'?zAous-ously.     self^. 

Glori-Fy-fied-fying-fication.     Rule  10. 
super  in  un.     Human,  Having  the  qualities  of  men. 

Human-ity.    injty.    super  ^     in±. 
mis  pre  un.     Instruct,  To  teach,  educate  or  inform. 

Instruct-ed-ion-or-ive.    preyed,     mis^. 
anti  de  irn.     Moral,  relating  to  good  conduct. 

MoraMy-ity-ist-     imjty.     antijst. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  127 

in  mis  mi.     Appropriate,  To  set  apart ;  suitable. 

Appropriate-ed-ing-ion.     inA.     misj.ou. 
in  mis  un.     Calculate,  To  compute  ;  to  reckon. 

Calculate-ed-ing-ion-ble.     ?^Aed. 

msA.-ed-ion.     mAble-bly. 
in  re  un.     Deliberate,  To  ponder;  to  consider. 

Deliberate-ed-ion-ive-ly-ness. 

un.     Eradicate,  To  uproot  or  destroy.-ed-ion-     unh* 
pre  unpre.     Meditate,  To  contemplate  ;  to  muse. 

Meditate-ed-ion-ing-ive, 

j!?reA.-ed-ing-ion.     unpreAed. 
e  une  un.    Narrate,  To  tell,  rehearse  or  relate. 

Narrate-ed-ing-ion-ive. 
circum.     Navigate,  To  sail  on  water  in  ships. 

Navigate-or-ion-ble.^     im^ed-ble. 

circum^.-iou.     Navigo,  to  sail, 
all  im  un.     Penetrate,  To  pierce  ;  to  enter. 

Penetrate-ed-ion-ble.^     ?mAed, 

zmAble-bly-bility.     #ZZAing. 

ir  e  une.     Radiate,  Eradiate  or  Irradiate,   To  issue  in  rays 
of  light.     .Radius,  a  ray  or  spoke, 

Radiate-ed-ing-ion.     eAate-ion.     z>Aate-ion. 
super  over.     Saturate,  To  supply  to  fullness. 

Saturate-ion,     super Jon.     un^ed. 
in  un.     Stimulate,  To  excite  to  action. 

Stimulate-ed-ion.     zmAed. 
re  un.     Vindicate,  To  defend;  to  justify;  to 
avenge.     Vi?idex,  A  punisher. 

Vindicate-ed-ing-ion     reA.     un^ed. 

Stipulate,  To  make  an  agreement;  to  bargain. 

Stipulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     ?mAed. 

*  See  Rule  8,  and  Note. 


128  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 


SECTION    XL. 

Special  directions  for  combining  suffixes  on  this  page  and  the  four 
following. 

When  the  prefixes  are  separated  from  the  Word,  and  from  each 
other,  by  a  hyphen,  each  prefix,  one  by  one,  is  to  combine  with  the 
word,  as  it  takes  its  several  suffixes,  onward  to  the  period  following.  If 
two  or  more  words  follow  each  other,  separated  by  a  comma,  the 
several  prefixes  unite  with  each  of  those  words.  If  the  word  is  after- 
wards repeated  with  prefixes  and  suffixes,  or  either,  it  combines  as 
above,  unless  otherwise  shown  by  the  caret. 

COMPONENT   PARTS. 
54321  6 

be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less. 

COMBINED- 

1.  Cloud,  Clouded.  2.  Uncloud,  Unclouded-  3.  Overcloud, 
Overclouded.  4.  Incloud,  Inclouded.  5.  Becloud,  Be- 
clouded- 6.  Cloud,  Cloudy,  Cloudless. 

COMPONENT   PARTS. 
65432  1 

im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable,  Movably. 

COMBINED. 

1.  Movable,  Movably.  2.  Unmovable,  Unmovably.  3. 
Removable,  Removably.  4.  Unremovable,  Unremovably. 
5.  Irremovable,  Irremovably.  6.  Immovable,  Immovably. 

EXERCISE. 

Cloud,  To  obscure  by  mist ;  to  darken. 

be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less. 
Date,  To  note  the  time  when. 

ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed.    unAed. 
Count,  To  number ;. to  reckon. 

mis-over-re-Count-ed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  129 

Close,  To  shut ;  to  make  fast ;  to  finish  ;  to  unite. 

dis-en-fore-in-re-un-Close-ed. 
Chord,  A  string  of  a   musical  instrument ;   a  right  line, 

being  the  arc  of  a  circle. 
deca-hexa-mono-poly-tetra-Chord. 
Centric,  Pertaining  to  the  center  ;  in  a  central   position, 

CWcentric,  Tending  to  the  center. 
con-ec-geo-helio-sub-Centric. 
Change,   To   alter  in  any  manner ;    to  give  one  thing  for 

another.     Alteration. 

inter-re-re'ex-ex-Change-ed.     alljng.     u?iAed. 
Charge,  To  load,  as  a  gun ;  to  assault,  or  attack ;  to  accuse, 

Expense.     Surcharge,  to  overcharge. 
dis-mis-over-sur-Charge-ed.     unAed- 
Knowledge,  A  clear  perception  of  truth,  or  any 

fact ;  learning  ;  acquaintance.     Nosco,  To  know. 
Acknowledge,  to  admit  to  be  true  ;  to  own. 
disac-ac-fore-self-Knowledge. 
Motion,  A  moving ;  a  change  of  local  position. 

Locomotion,  the  act  of  moving  from  place  to  place. 
Emotion,  a  moving  of  the  mind. 
com-counter-e-loco-Motion . 
im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable,  or  Movably. 
Mundane,  Belonging,  or  pertaining  to  the  world.     Mundus, 

the  world. 

ante-infra-inter-super-supra-Mundane. 
Natural,  Pertaining  to  nature  ;  produced  by  nature  ;  unaf- 
fected,    Natura,  nature- 
Connatural,  connected  by  nature. 
con-counter-preter-un-Natural. 

Syllable,  Letters  uttered  at  a  single  impulse  of  voice. 
dis-mono-octo-poly-tri-Sy  liable. 


130  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

Dense,  Compact.     Dense-ly-ity-ness. 

Condense,  to  make  more  dense  or  compact. 

re-Condense-ed-ation.     unAe&.     z'?zAable-ability. 
Graft,  To  insert  or  join  on. 

in-re-Graft-ed-ing.     z^Aed. 
Grade,  A  degree,  rank  or  order  ;  to  level  a  road. 

de-retro-Grade-ation.     wnAed.     undeAed. 
Line,  Length  without  breadth  or  thickness. 

Delineate,  to  mark  out  as  with  lines. 

inter-Line^-ation.     Delineate-ed-ing-ion. 
Love,  To  be  pleased  with  ;  affection  ;  good  will. 

Love-ly-liness-ing-     zmjy-liness.     £eAed. 
Mount,  To  rise  aloft ;  to  leap  upon.     A  mountain. 

Surmount,  to  rise  above.     Dismount,  to  get  off- 

dis-sur-Mount-ed-ing.     insur^viblQ.     U7isw\ed. 
Mode,  Method  ;  form ;  manner  of  existing. 

t  Modify,  to  alter  ;  to  vary  the  form. 

Mode-ify-ifying-ifier-ified-ification.    WTiJfied. 
Plot,  To  form  a  scheme  of  mischief. 

coml-Plot-ted-ting,     counter-under- Plot. 
Poise,  To  weigh  or  Balance.     A  weight. 

counter-equi-over-Poise. 
Sure,  Certain  ;  firm.     Assure,  to  make  certain. 

Insure,  to  make  sure,  or  secure. 

reas-as-rein-in-Sure.     united, 
Taught,  Instructed,  in  art  or  science. 

mis-self-un-Taught. 
Veil,  To  cover  or  hide ;  a  covering. 

over-Veil-ed-ing.     zmAed. 
Vigilant,  Watchful.     Vigil-Ant-antly-ance. 

*e,  final,  is  retained  in  lineation.        fRule  10. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  131 

Ambulate,  To  walk  from  place  to  place. 

circum-noct-pre-per-Ambulate-ion. 
Appoint,  To  fix  or  settle ;  to  allot ;  to  ordain. 

Disappoint,  To  defeat  what  was  expected. 

dis-fore-re-Appoint-ment.     un^ed. 
Account,  To  render  an  account  of,  or  to. 

Account-ed-ing-able-ableness-ably-ability-ant. 

&ttAed-able-ableness-ably-ability. 
Generate,  To  propagate ;  to  cause  to  bring  into  life. 

Regenerate,  to  renew.     Degenerate,  to  grow  worse. 

de-re-Generate-ed-ion.     unread.     U7ideAed. 
Minister,  To  afford  supplies  ;  service  in  office. 

Administer,  to  help,  or  give  aid  to. 

mal-pread-ad-Ministration- 
Mutable,  Subject  to  change.     Muto,  to  change. 

Transmute,  to  change  the  nature. 

Commute,  to  exchange  one  for  another. 

com-im-trans-Mut-Able-ability. 
Ordain,  To  appoint,  or  decree;  to  establish. 

fore-pre-re-Ordain,  or  Ordination. 
Pendent,  Hanging  or  jutting  over. 

Append,  to  hang  to,     Append-ed-ant-age, 

Impend,  to  hang  over.     Impend-ent-ing-ency. 

Depend,  to  hang  down  from,  for  support. 

Depend-ent-ently-ence-ency.   indeAent. 
Cumbent  or   Decumbent,   Lying  down.      Recumbent,  re- 
clining or  leaning  back.      Procumbent,  leaning  for 
ward.     Incumbent,  leaning  or  lying  on. 

de-pro-re-superin-in-Cumbent. 
Success,  Favorable  result  of  any  purpose. 

Success-ful-fully-fulness.    ?m/ul-fully. 


132  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Angular,  Having  an  angle  or  angles. 

mult-oct-tri-un-Angular. 
Enforce,  To  give  force  to;  to  put  in  execution. 

re-Enforce-ed-ing-ment.    unAed. 
Establish,  To  fix  firmly;  to  confirm. 

pre-re-Establish-ed-ing-ment.     comment. 
Examine,  To  inspect  carefully. 

pre-re-Examine-ed-ing-ation.     self  Cation. 
Locution,  A  discourse ;  manner  of  speaking. 

e-circum-inter-Locution.     Loquor,  to  speak. 
Probation,  Foretrial ;  the  act  of  proving, 
Approbation,  expressing  satisfaction. 

Probation-er-ary.     disapprobation. 
Remember,  To  call  back  an  idea  to  mind. 

mis-Remember-ed.     disA. 
Respond,  To  answer  to.     Response,  an  answer. 

Correspond,  To  agree  with  ;  to  hold  intercourse. 

cor-Respond-ed-ing-ent-ence-ency. 

Response-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ive-ively. 
Secure,  Free  from  danger ;  to  make  safe. 

in  Secure-ly-ity.     Secure-ed-ing.     zmAed. 
Structure,  A  building  of  any  kind.    Struo,  to  build. 

Construct,  To  build,  or  fabricate. 
6'cwstruct-ed-ion-ive.     sub-super-Structure. 
Vision,  Sight ;  something  imagined.     Video,  to  see, 

re-super- Vision.     Visible,  that  may  be  seen. 

in-Vis-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
Vex,  To  irritate  by  little  provocation ;  to  fret. 

Vex-ed-er-ing-ation-atious-atiously.     ^7?.Aed. 
Warn,  To  caution  of  approaching  danger. 

fore-Warn-ed-ing.     un^di-     unfore^d. 
Waste,  To  squander.     Waste-ful-fully-fulness. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  133 

SECTION  XLI. 

When  a  part  of  the  word  from  which  derivatives  are  to  be  formed, 
is  cut  off  by  a  comma,  thus  ;  Exportation,  that  part  preceding  the 
comma,  being  a  prefix,  must  be  dropped  before  any  other  prefix  can  be 
added, thus  : 

e-de-pro.    Kejected.  Drop  re,    and 

join  pro,  and  it  forms     Projected.  Drop  pro,  and 

join  de,  and  it  becomes  Dejected.  Drop  de,     and 
join  e,  and  it  forms         Ejected. 

Each  prefix  modifies  the  signification  of  the  root  so  as  to 
accord  with  its  peculiar  import,  thus : 
Kejected,  thrown  back,  or  cast  off. 
Projected,  thrown  or  cast  forward. . 
Dejected,  cast  down,  down  cast. 
Ejected,  cast  out,  thrown  out. 

The  pupil  may  now  read  each  of  the  following  words  with  its  defi- 
nition, then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  define  the  word  in  such  cjon- 
nection.  Omit  the  derivative  formations. 

re  de  ex.  Contract,  To  draw  together, 

pro  re  ex.  Im,pel,  To  force,  or  urge  on. 

cent  sept.     .  Bi,ennial,  Once  in  two  years, 

de  e  con.  In,volve,  To  roll  in,  or  envelop, 

contro  di.  Con, vert,  To  turn  with  ;  to  change, 

contra  super.  Con,vene,  To  come  together, 

circum  retro.  Inspection,  A  looking  into, 

abs  con  re.  Sus,tain,  To  hold  up ;  to  bear  up. 

trans  con  e.  Di,gress,  To  go  aside  ;  to  depart  from, 

aristo  theo.  Democracy,  Government  by  the  people, 
as  discon  con.  Dis,sent,  To  disagree  in  opinion, 

reexexreim.  Im,port,  To  bring  in,  as  goods  from  abroad. 

ex  pre  re.  Pro,ceed,  To  go  forward  ;   to  advance. 
12 


134  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


SECTION  XLII. 

This  page  and  the  next  three,  may  be  frequently  taken  up  as  a 
suitable  exercise  to  test  the  ability  of  the  pupils,  in  giving  the  appro- 
priate signification  of  the  several  roots,  as  differently  modified  by 
prefixes. 

Commence  the  combinations  with  the  prefix  immediately  preceding 
the  word  ;  take  each  one  in  retrogade  order,  according  to  the  example. 

Take  the  word,  Abstract,  as  an  example. 

98765432  1 

at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
COMBINED  THUS: 

1st.  Abstract,  Abstracted,  Abstracting,  Abstraction. 
2d.   Subtract,  subtracted,  subtracting,  subtraction, 
3d.  re-    4th.  pro-.    5th.  ex-.     6th.  dis-     7th/  de-. 
8th.  con-     9th.  at. 


Abstract,  To  draw  from ;  to  take  from.  A  summary.  Traho, 

to  draw  or  take ;  abs,  from. 
Dis,tract,  To  draw  apart,  or  derange  the  mind. 

COMBINED    AS    ABOVE. 

at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 

Ad,duce,  To  lead  or  conduct  to  ;  to  bring  forward  ;  to  offer, 

or  present.     Duco,  to  lead  or  draw ;  ad,  to. 
Con,duce,  to  lead  or  tend  to  some  end  or  object. 

ab-con-de-pro-re-e-se-sub-  1 

.   ,  i  Ad,duce,  or  Ad.duction. 

intro-repro-superm-m-     \ 

de-in-recon-miscon-con-sub-Ab,duct-ed. 
be-mis-re-par-over-under-Take-ing. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  135 

Affect,    To  act  upon ;    to  produce  some  change.      Facio, 

to  make. 
Effect,  to  accomplish.     In,fect,  to  pollute1  or  poison. 

disin-m-imper-per-ef-disaf-Af,fect-ed-ion. 
unper-unef-unin-rein-misaf-Unaf,fected. 
unef-unde-inde-De,fective.     Faulty. 

Bi,ennial,  Talcing  place  once  in  two  years.     Annus, 

a  year. 
cent-dec-oct-per-tri-sex-Bi,ennial . 

At,tain,  To  gain  ;  to  arrive  at-     Teneo,  to  hold. 
Per,tain,  to  belong.     Appertain,  to  belong  to. 
Sus,tain,  to  hold  up.     De,tain,  to  hold  from. 
Obtain,  to  acquire.     Contain,  to  hold  as  a  vessel. 

abs-apper-per-con-de-sus-ob-re-At,tain-ed-ing. 
con-unre-re-unsus-sus-unob-ob-Unat,tainable. 

Di,vert,  To  turn  off  from ;  to  turn  aside ;  to  amuse.     Vertot 

to  turn ;  di,  from,  or  aside  from, 
Con,vert,  to  turn  with  or  change.     A,vert,  to  turn  away. 
Per, vert,  to  turn  by,  or  from  right. 

a-ad-con-contro-in-intro-per-re-sub-DijVert-ed. 

a-recon-con-in-per-retro-re-sub-trans-Di,version. 

uncontro-unsub-una-unper-uncon-Undi,verted. 

Af,firm,  To  assert  positively.     Con,firm,  to  ratify. 
recon-con-reaf-misaf-Af,firm-ed-ation. 

Migrate,  To  remove  from  one  country  or  place  to  another. 
Migro,  to  remove. 

com-re-im-inter-re-trans-Migrate-ion. 
Throne,  A  royal  seat.     Enthrone,  to  put  on  a  throne. 

de-disen-reen-en-Throne-ed. 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ad,mit,    To    give    leave    to    enter;  to  allow ;    to-    grant. 

Mittoy  to  send  or  let  go.     Missus,  sent. 
Com,mit,  to  give  in  trust.     E,mit,  to  send  forth. 
Per,mit,  to  allow.     Inter,mit,  to  cease  for  a  time. 
Re,mit,  to  abate  or  lessen.     Trans,mit,  to  send  off  to. 


com-e-inter-o-per-re-manu- 
trans-recom-read- 


r  Ad,mit-ted,  Ad,mission. 


Com,mand,  To  bid  or  direct.     Mando,  to  bid. 
De,mand,  to  claim.     Re,mand,  to  call  back. 
Countermand,  to  give  a  contrary  order. 

counter-re-rede-de-Com,mand-ed-ing. 

Diction,  A  speaking  ;  expressing  ideas  by  words ;  style  or 

manner.     Dico,  to  speak. 
bene-contra-inter-male-pre-vale-Diction. 

Dexvious,   Going  or  departing  from  the  right  or  common 
way.     de,  from  ;  via,  the  way. 

Per,vious,  passing  through.     Ob,vious,  evident. 

t 
unob-ob-imper-per-pre-De,vious. 

Ex,ist,  To  have  actual  existence.     Sis  to,  to  stand. 

coex-pre'e'x-Ex,ist-ent-ence .     nonex-selfex-Ex,istence. 

Eject,  To  choose  out  of.     Lectus,  chosen;  e,  out  of. 

Se,lect,  to  choose  from.     Collect,  to  bring  together. 

recol-col-preV-re'e'-se-E,lect-ed-ing-ion, 

Pass,  To  go  by ;  to  go  from  place  to  place. 

Surpass,  to  go  beyond.     Compass,  to  go  around, 
com-over-sur-re-I/ass-ed-ing.     mAable, 

Jacent,  Lying  at  length.     Jacens. 
ad-circum-inter-sub-Jacent. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  137 

In,spect,  To  look  into.     Specio,  spectum^  to  see. 
Ke,spect,  to  look  back  on  with  pleasure. 
Circumspect,  to  look  around ;  prudent. 
Sus,pect,  to  mistrust ;  a  looking  under. 

circum-intro-retro-rein-superin-In,spect-ion. 
as-in-pro-disre-uncircum-Sus,pect. 

Lateral,  Pertaining  to  the  side.     Latus,  a  side. 
bi-col-equi-multi-tri-uni-Lateral. 

Petalous,  Having  petals.     Flower  leaves. 
a-bi-mono-penta-poly-tetra-tri-Petalous. 

Portion,  A  part  or  share*     Proportion,  a  just  share. 
Apportion,  to  assign  a  just  share  to. 

reap-ap-dispro-overpro-mispro  -pro-Portion. 

Complicate,  To  fold  together ;  to  be  complex,  entangled. 
Implicate,  to  mfold  or  involve,  as  in  crime. 
Explicate,  to  zmfold,  or  explain. 

ex-im-tri-condu-redu-du-Com,plicate-ion. 

Project,   To  cast  forward ;    to  shoot  forward ;    to  jut  out. 
Jacio,  to  throw  or  cast ;  pro,  forward. 

ab-de-in-inter-ob-sub-e-re-Pro,ject-ion. 
unde-unob-unre-unsub-une-unin-Unpro,jected. 
Attenuate,  To  make  thin,  or  less  viscid. 

Ex,tenuate,  to  lessen,  as  the  guilt  of  a  crime. 
ex-At,tenuate-ed-ing-ion. 


12* 


I 


138  ANALYSIS    OF   THE 

SECTION   XLIII. 

Confluence,  A  flowing  together;    the  junction  of  rivers. 

Fluo,  to  flow  ;  con,  together. 
Affluent,  a  flowing  to,  as  in  wealth. 
af-re-circum-Con,fluence,  Con,fluent, 
De,spond,  To  be  cast  down.-ing-ingly-ent-ence-ency. 
Dialogue,   A  conversation,  or  a  piece  spoken  by  two  or 
more   persons.      Prorogue,    spoken  '  before,   and 
Epi-logue,  after  a  drama,  or  play. 
Deca,logue,  the  ten  commandments. 

deca-epi-mono-pro-Dia,logue.     Loquor,  to  speak. 
Dis,pel,  To  scatter  by  force.     Pello,  Pulsum,  to  drive. 

Com,pel,  to  force,  or  constrain. 

com-ex-pro-re-Dis,pel,  Dis,pulsion,  Dis,pulsiye. 
Ex,clude,  To  shut  out.     Claudo,  to  shut ;  ex,  out  from. 

Conclude,  to  infer  from  ;  to  determine  ;  to  finish. 

Se,clude,  to  separate  from.     Preclude,  to  debar. 

con-in-pre-se-Ex,clude,  Ex,clusion,  Exclusive. 
Ex.tort,  To  wrest  from  by  force.     Torqueo,  to  twist;  ex,  from. 

Dis,tort,  to  twist  out  of  shape.     Con,tort,  to  writhe. 

con-dis-Ex,tort-ed-ion.     imexAed.     undisAed. 
Inscribe,  To  write  in  or  on.     Scribo,  Scriptum,  to  write, 

Prescribe,  to  direct     Describe,  to  represent. 

A,scribe,  to  impute  to.     Transcribe,  to  copy  out. 

circum-de-pre-sub-a-inter-  }  _ 

>  In,scnbe-ed,  Inscription, 
super-tran-  ) 

post-tran-Manu,script. 
In,voke,  To  call  upon ;  to  implore.     Voco,  to  call. 

Re,voke,  to  call  back;   to  annul.     Pro,voke,  to  call 

forth,  as  anger.     Con,voke,  to  call  together. 
con-pro-re-In,voke-ed-ation.     unpro^d. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  139 

As,sign,  To  sign  over  to  ;  to  transfer  to  another. 
,       Con,sign,  to  give  in  charge  to  another. 

re-recon-precon-con-As,sign-ed. 

unas-misas-under-un-Signed. 
Con,vene,  To  come  together.     Venio,  to  come. 

contra-inter-super-Con,vene,  Contention. 
De,cline,  To  lean  downward ;  tendency  to  decay.     Clino,  to 
lean ;  de,  down. 

In,cline,  to  lean  towards.     Re,cline,  to  lean  back. 

disin-in-re-De,cline-ed-ing-ation. 
De,bark,  To  go  from  on  board  a  ship  or  boat. 

Em,bark,  to  go  on  board. 

re'e'm-disem-em-De,bark-ed-ation, 
Ex,hibit,  To  present  to  view.     Habeo,  to  hold ;  ex,  out. 

In,hibit,  to  hold  in,  or  restrain. 

Pro,hibit,  to  hold  before,  or  prevent. 

pro-in-Ex-hibit-ed-ing-ion.     unexAed. 

In, spire,  To  draw  in  the  breath  ;  to  infuse  into  the  mind. 
spiro,  to  breathe. 

Ex,pire,  to  breathe  out,  or  to  die. 

Ke,spire,  to  inhale  air  into  the  lungs. 

ex-re-rein-In,spire-ed-ing-ation.     unin^ti . 
Per,spire,  To  sweat ;  to  emit  fluids  of  the  body  through  the 
pores  of  the  skin.     Spiro. 

Con,spire,  to  breathe  together,  or  unite  in  a  plot. 

As,pire,  to  aim  at,  or  desire.     Tran,spire,  to  happen. 

as-tran-con-Per,spire-ed-ing-ation. 
Pre,vent,  To  come  before ;  to  hinder.     Venio,  to  come. 

In,vent,  a  coming  into  the  mind;  to  find  out. 

in-Pre,vent-ed-ing-ive-ion. 

Im,port,  To  bring  in,  as  goods  from  another  country. 
re'e'x-ex-trans-Im,port-ed-ation. 


140  ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

Ap,peal,  To  refer  to  the  decision  of  another. 
Re,peal,  to  revoke,  annul  or  abrogate. 
re-Appeal-ed-er-ing^able.     unreAed.    irr  enable. 
Ac,cident,  Falling  to  ;  happening  by  chance. 

Incident,  Falling  in ;  casual.     Cado,  to  fall.  * 
in-Ac-cident-al-ally.     coin^.    incoin^ 
A,scend,  To  go  up.     Descend,  to  go  down.     Scando. 
Condescend,  To  stoop  to  one  of  lower  rank. 
conde-de-reas-A,scend-ed-ing.     conde-rea-A,scension. 
As,sume,  To  take  upon  one's  self.     Sumo,  to  take. 
Re,sume,  to  take  back.     Pre,sume,  to  suppose. 
pre-re-reas-As-sume-ed-ing,As,sumption. 
Conspicuous,  Clearly  seen.     Specio,  to  see. 
Perspicuous,  clear  to  the  understanding. 
imper-per-incon-Con,spicuous-ly. 
Democracy,  A  government  by  the  people.     Cratos,  power, 

Demos,  the  people. 

auto-aristo-theo-Demo,c'racy,  Demo,cratic-al. 
De-trude,  To  thrust  down.     Trudo,  to  thrust ;  de,  down. 
Pro,trude,  to  thrust  forth.     Ob,trude,  to  thrust  on. 
ex-in-ob-pro-De,trude-ed-ing,De,trusion. 
In,here,  To  stick  in ;  to  be  fixed  in.     Haereo,  to  stick. 
co-ad-In,here-ent-ence-ency,In,hesion. 
inco-co-inad-ad-In,hesive-ly. 

lm,pulse,  Force  impressed ;  sudden  effort.     Pello,  to  drive. 
Re,pulse,  to  drive  back,     Ap,pulse,  to  drive  against. 
ap-pro-re-retro-Im,pulsion,Impulsive. 
Implicate,  To  blame.     Sup,plicate,  to  implore. 

Explicate,  to  unfold.     Complicate,  to  involve.    Plico, 

to  fold ;  to  wind  or  roll  together. 
com-du-ex-sup-Im,plicate-ed-ion. 
In,flate,  To  swell  with  air.-ed-ing-ion.    unin^ed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  141 

SECTION  XLIV. 

Charm  or  Becharm,  To  fascinate  ;  secret  influence. 
De, charm,  to  remove  the  charm. 

counter-de-be-Charm-ed-ing.     zmAed. 
Compact,  Closely  united ;  an  agreement. 

Compact-ly-ness.     ^7^A. 
Criminate,  To  charge  with  crime.     Crimen,  crime. 

Ee,criminate,  to  charge  back  with  crime. 

re-Criminate-ed-ing-ion.     w?iAed 
Engage,  To  promise  or  bind  one's  self. 

dis-pre-re-Engage-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed. 
Habitation,  A  residence ;  place  of  abode. 

Co,habit,  to  live  together.     In,habit,  to  dwell' in. 

Habit- Ation-able .     C  ohabit-ed  -ing-ation . 

Inhabit-ed-ing-able-ant-ance.     reAed.     wrcAed. 
Monition,  A  warning.     Moneo,  to  warn. 

pread-ad-pre-Monition ,  Monitory. 
Opinion,  Judgment  formed  by  the  mind. 

mis-pre-self-Opinion.     Opinor,  to  think. 
Possess,  To  have  just  title  to  hold,  or  occupy. 

dis-pre-re-Possess-ed-ing-ion. 
Prison,  A  place  in  which  to  confine  criminals, 

Imprison,  to  put  in  prison. 

re-Imprison-ed-ing-ment.     zmAed, 
Sphere,  An  orb  or  globe ;  circuit  of  motion. 

semi-hemi-sphere-ic-ical. 
Science,  Knowledge.     Scio,  to  know. 

pre-omni-Science. 
Venture,  or  Adventure,  To  risk  or  hazard. 

ad-Venture-ed-ing-some-someness-ous-ously-ousness. 


ANALYSIS     OF    THE 

Ab,scind,  To  tear  or  rend  off.     Scindo,  to  tear. 

Ex,scind,  and  Inter,scind,  to  cut  off. 

ex-inter-  Ab,scind-ed-ing.     ?m&EAed. 
A,sperse,  To  bespatter  with  false  charges ;  to  slander. 

Intersperse,  to  scatter  among, 

dis-inter-A,sperse-ed-ing-ion. 
Associate,  To  unite  in  company.     Socio,  to  unite, 

Con,sociate,  to  unite  together,     Dissociate,  to  part. 

con-dis-disas-As,sociate-ed-ion. 
Ac,claim,  A  shout  of  joy.     CZamo,  to  cry  out. 

Ex,claim,  to  cry  out.     Proclaim,  to  utter  openly. 

De,claim,  to  speak  an  oration.     Disclaim,  to  deny. 

Ke,claim,  to  call  back,  as  from  error. 

de-dis-ex-pro-re- Ac, claim,  Acclamation. 
Bi,sect,  To  cut  into  two  parts.     Secto,  to  cut. 

dis-inter-Bi,sect-ed-ing-ion. 
Con, cur,  To  agree  ;  to  run  together.     Curro,  to  run. 

Re,cur,  to  return,  as  thought  to  the  mind. 

re-Con, cur-rent-rence-rency-ring.     Rule  6. 
Con,vulse,  To  shake ;  to  agitate.     Velio,  to  pull 

Con,vulse-ed-ive-ively-ion.     uncon^d. 
Com,pose,  To  place  together.     Pono,  to  place. 

Ex,pose,  to  lay  open.     De,pose,  to  put  down. 

de-ex-Com,pose-ed-er-ing-ition-itor. 
Dis,pose,  To  place  or  put  in  order  ;  to  incline.     Pono. 

Im,pose,  to  place  on.     Op,pose,  to  stand  against. 

im-op-Dis,pose-ed-er-ing-ition. 
Pro,pose,  To  place  before  ;  to  offer.     Re,pose,  to  lie  at  rest, 

Sup,pose,  to  place  under  consideration. 

re-sup-Pro,pose-ed-er-ing-al-ition. 
Re,spect,  Esteem ;  due  attention.     Specio,  to  look. 

Respect-ful-fully-able-ability-ably-less. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  143 

Act,  To  put  forth  power ;  to  demean  or  behave  ;  any  thing 
done.     Ago,  Actum,  to  do,  or  set  in  motion, 

Enact,  to  make,  as  laws.     Transact,  to  do  business. 

counter-over-re' e'n-en-trans-Act-ed-ing-ion. 

retro-sub- Action.     Inact-ive-ively-iveness-ion. 
Cede,  To  yield ;  to  give  up.     Cedo,  to  give  place. 

Proceed,  to  move  forward.     Swcceed,  to  move  after. 

Concede,  to  admit.     Intercede,  to  mediate, 

Accede,  to  agree  to.     Secede,  to  withdraw. 

con-inter-re-ac-se-Cede-ed-ing,  Cession. 
Form,  External  shape;  to  shape.     Forma,  form. 

bi-equi-mal-multi-omni-uni.     Form, 

Conform,  to  make  like.     Transform,  to  change. 

re-trans-mis,Con,form-ation. 
Fix,  To  make  stable ;  to  put  in  order.     Fixum,  fixed. 

Affix,  to  fix  to.     Infix,  to  fix  in.     Transfix,  to  pierce. 

af-in-post-pre-suf-trans-un-Fix-ed. 
Join,  To  connect;  to  combine.     Jungo,  to  join. 

mis-re-recon-con-read-ad-Join-ed-ing. 

con-ad-dis-inter-sub-join,  junction. 
Judge,  To  examine  and  decide.     Judex,  a  Judge. 

ad-mis-fore-pre-Judge-ed-ing-ment- 
Mix,  To  mingle  together.    Misceo,  to  mingle. 

com-inter-Mix-ture.     uninter-un-Mixed- 
Prove,  To  try  any  thing ;  to  experience. 

Approve,  to  commend.     .Reprove,  to  rebuke. 

Improve,  to  make^better.     Improve,  to  refute. 

disap-ap-dis-im-re-Prove-ed-ing. 

unap-unim-unre-un-Proved. 
Solve,  To  explain ;  to  loosen.     Dissolve,  to  melt. 

Absblve,  to  free  from.     .Resolve,  to  determine, 

ab-dis-re-Solve«ed,Solution. 


144  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Efficient,  Causing  effects.     Sufficient,  enough. 
De,ficient,  wanting.     Pro,ficient,  progressing. 
de-ef-pro-insuf-selfsuf-Suf,ficient,  sufficiency. 
External,  outvvard.-ly.     Internal,  inward.-ly. 
In,gress,  A  going  in.      Trans,gress,  to  cross  or  break  a  law. 
Ag,gress,  to  go  against  first ;  to  attack  or  assail. 
ag-di-e-pro-re-trans-In,gress-ion. 
In,volve,  To  roll  in,  or  envelop  ;  to  imply,  or  comprise ;  to 

blend  or  mingle.     Volvo,  to  roll. 
con-circum-e-de-re-In,volve,  involution. 
Per,sist,  To  stand  through,  or  to  persevere.     Sto,  to  stand. 
Sub,sist,  to  stand  under,  or  support ;  to  live. 
sub-Per,sist-ed-ent-ence-ency. 

Re,sist,  to  stand  against.     As,sist,  to  stand  to  ;  to  aid. 
as-Re,sist-ed-ing-ant-ance. 
Per,suade,  To  prevail  on ;  to  influence  by  argument,  or 

entreaty.     Stcadeo,  to  persuade. 
mis-over-Persuade,  Persuasion. 
Perspective,  Looking  through.    Specio,  to  see  ;  per,  through. 

pro-retro-Per,spective-  ly. 

Supervise,  To  oversee.     Video,  to  see  ;  super,  over. 
Re,vise,  To  review;  to  re'e'xamine. 
re-Super-vise-ed-ing-ion.     unread. 
Soliyagant,  Wandering  alone.     Vagans,  wandering. 

extra-multi-noct-Soli,v'agant. 
Sym,pathy,  Pity ;  fellow  feeling ;  compassion. 
Pathos,  feeling  ;  sym,  for  su?i,  with. 
a-anti-mono-eu-Sym,pathy. 
Sym, phony,  Harmony  of  sounds 

eu-Sym,phony-ous-ously,    Rule  3. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  145 

Announce,  To  publish  or  proclaim  to. 

Pro,nounce,  to  utter  words.     Denounce,  to  threaten. 

de-pro-An,nounce-ed.     de-pro-An,nunciation. 
BeneXolent,  Kindness  ;  wishing  well.     Volo,  to  will. 

male-Beney  ol-Ent-ently-ence . 
Com,placent,  Civil ;  softness  of  manners. 

com,plac-Ent-ently-ency.     Dis,placency,  incivility, 
De,plore,  To  lament     Implore,  to  entreat. 

im-De,plore-ed-ing-ingly.     De,plore-able-ably. 
Dis,till,  To  fall  in  drops  ;  to  extract  by  heat. 

Dis,till-ed-ing-ery-ation.     Ex,till-ed-ation. 
Ex,plode,  To  burst  with  force ;  to  reject. 

Dis,plode,  to  burst  asunder  with  force. 

dis-Ex,plode-ed-ing.     dis-Ex,plos-ion-ive. 
Ex,pound,  To  explain.     Profound,  to  propose. 

pro-Ex,pound-ed-er-ing.     imex^ed. 
En,velop,  To  in  wrap  ;  to  cover.     De,velop,  to  unc< 

de-En,velop-ed-ing-ment, 

Ef,face,  To  blot  out,  or  impair  an  impression. 

De,face,  to  mar  the  face,  or  surface. 

de-Ef,face-ed-ing-ment,     unefAed.    undeAed. 
Pre,varicate,  To  quibble,  evade,  or  pervert. 

Divaricate,  to  part  into  two  branches. 

di-Pre,varicate-ed-ing-ion. 
Re,n'ovate,  To  renew.     In,novate,  to  make  changes. 

in-Re,ri'ovate-ed-ing-ion-or.     Novus,  new. 
Subsequent,  Following  in  time  or  order.     Sequor. 

Consequent,  following  as  a  natural  effect. 

con-Sub,sequ-Ent-ently-ence. 
Survive,  To  outlive.     Ee,vive,  to  return  to  life. 

re-Sur,vive-ed-ing-al.     Vivo,  to  live. 
Surplus,  An  excess  of  any  thing.     Overplus. 
13 


146  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

Abrogate,  To  claim  to  one's  self.     Rogo,  to  ask ;  ar,  to, 

De,r'ogate,  to  take  from.     Abrogate,  to  repeal, 

ab  de-Ar,rogate-ed-ing-ion.     De,rogatory-ly. 
Ac,cord,  To  agree  to.     Con,cord,  to  agree  with. 

con  dis-Ac,cord-ant-ance.     Cor,  the  heart. 
€on,fess,  To  acknowledge.     Pro,fess,  to  avow  openly. 

pro-Con,fess-ed-ing-ion.     Dispro,fess. 
Constant,  Fixed ;  steady.     Sto,  to  stand ;  con,  with. 

Circumstances,  Condition ;  state  of  things. 
De,test,  To  abhor.     Protest,  to  declare  against. 

pro-De,test-ed-ing-ation.     unde^ed.     unproved* 
De,tect,  To  uncover,  or  find  out.     Project,  to  defend, 

pro-De,tect-ed-or-ion.     undeAed.    unproved. 
Dif,fident,  Wanting  confidence;  bashful. 

Confident,  having  full  belief ;  bold. 

con-Dif,fid-Ent-ently-ence.     Over  confident. 
Im,pugn,  To  blame,     Op,pugn,  to  oppose. 

op-Im,pugn-ed-er-ing.     unim^d. 
In,flict,  To  lay  on  as  a  punishment.     Fligo,  to  beat. 

Af,flict,  to  put  to  pain.    Con,flict,  a  striking ;  a  comba' 

af-In,flict-ed-ing-ion-ive.     unaf^ed. 
In,sert,  To  set  in  among.     Sero,  to  sow  or  plant 

inter  rein-Insert-ed-ing-ion.     united. 
Intricate,  Entangled ;  involved ;  perplexed. 

Ex,tricate,  to  disentangle  ;  to  free  from. 
In^ricate-ly-cy.^     Ex,tricate-ed-ing-ble-ion, 
Pre,side,  To  be  set  over.     Re,side,  to  abide,  or  dwell. 

re-Pre,side-ed-ing-ent-ericy.    Nonresident. 
Ke,strict,  To  confine  within  bounds  ;  to  limit. 

Con,steict,  to  bind  together.     Stringo,  to  bind. 

con-Re, strict-ed-ing- ion,     unread. 

*  Note  under  Rule  8. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  147 

SECTION  XLV. 

Ally,  To  unite  by  treaty ;  to  form  a  union. 

mis-Ally-ed-ing-ance.     WTiAed.     Kule  3. 
Caution,  To  warn ;  to  give  notice  of  danger. 

pre-Cau-xion-tioned-tionary-tious-tiously. 

mAtious-tiously.     zmAtious.     overjious. 
Distinct,  A  marked  difference  in  things. 

in-Distinct-ly-ness-ion.     contrajion. 
Honor,  To  revere  or  esteem  ;  dignity. 

dis-Honor-ed-able-ably.     un^ed.     undis^. 
Noble,  Great ;  exalted ;  generous.     Nobttis,  noble. 

Ennoble,  to  make  noble. 

Noble-y-ness.   '  disen-en-ig-Noble. 
Office,  A  charge;  a  particular  duty  or  business. 

Officious,  intermeddling  with. 

Officiate,  to  perform  the  duties  of. 

Office-er-ial-ially-iate-ious-iously. 
Organ,  That  through  which  something  is  done. 

Organize,  to  adapt  parts  to  each  other. 
.     Disorganize,  to  derange  the  parts. 

dis-re-Organize-ed-er-ing-ation.     WTiAed. 
Promise,  To  pledge  one's  self.     A  pledge. 

Compromise,  a  mutual  promise  of  parties. 

Promise-ed-ing-or-ee.     un-comAed. 
Ponder,  To  muse,  or  weigh  in  the  mind. 

Ponderous,  weighty ;  heavy. 

Ponder-ed-ous-ously-osity.     over^pus. 
Preponderate,  To  outweigh. -ed-ing-ance-ancy. 
Solid,  Hard ;  firm  ;  sound ;  substantial. 

Consolidate,  to  make  or  become  solid. 

solid-ness-ity.     cowAate-ated-ation. 


148  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

Al,lude,  To  refer  to.     Col,lude,  to  conspire  in  a  fraud. 
De,lude,  To  deceive.     E,lude,  to  evade.     Illude,  to  mock- 

col-de-e-il-Al-lude-ed-ing.  col-de-e-il-Al,lus-ion-ive. 
Agent,  An  actor ;  that  which  has  power  to  produce  effects. 

Ago,  to  do;  Actum,  done. 

co-sub-under-  Agent. 
Ex,it,  a  going  out ;  departure.     Eo,  to  go  ;  ex,  out. 

circu-preter-Ex,it. 

Ex,tend,  To  stretch  in  any  direction ;  to  expand ;  to  spread. 
Tendo,  to  stretch. 

Ex,tend-ed-ing.     Ex,ten-sive-sively-siveness-tion. 

Dis,tendy  To  dilate  or  spread-ed-ing. 

At, tend,  To  direct  the  mind  to.-ed-ant-ance. 

Con, tend,  To  strive  against. -ed-er-ing. 
De,fer,  To  put  off ;  to  postpone.     Fero,  to  bear ;  de,  from. 

De,fer-red-rer-ring.     See  Rule  6. 
Re,fer,  To  appeal  to.-red-ring-able-ence.^ 

In,fer,  to  draw  from.     Con,fer,  to  consult- 

con-in-Re^er-red-ring-ence.^ 
Pif,fer,  To  disagree. -ed-ing-ent-ence-entia!. 

Of,fer,  to  bring  before.-ed-ing. 

Prof,fer,  to  offer  for  acceptance. -ed-ing. 

Suf,fer,  to  undergo,  as  pain,-ed-er-ance-able. 
Pre,fer,  To  regard  first,  as  more  worthy,  or  better. 

Pre,fer-red-ring-ence^-ment-able-ably. 
Apprehend,  To  take  or  seize  ;  to  understand ;  to  fear. 

Apprehen-red-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Comprehend,  To  contain ;  to  include. 

Comprehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Exterminate,  To  put  an  end  to  ;  to  destroy. 

Exterminate-ed-ing-ion-or.     unAed. 

*  When  the  place  of  accent  changes,  the  consonant  is  not  doubled. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  149 

Appreciate,  To  set  value  on.     De,preciate,  to  lessen  value. 

de-Ap,preciate-ed -ing-ion,     unap^ed..    unde^ed. 
Anticipate,  To  take  before  ;  to  forestall.     Capio,  to  take. 

Participate,  To  share  with  others. 

parti-  Anti,c'ipate-ed-  ing-  ion.    unanti^ed. 
Apo,gee,  That  point  of  a  planet's  orbit  farthest  from  the 

earth.     Peri,gee,  that  point  nearest,  &c. 
De,precate,  To  regret,  to  pray  against.     Precor,  to  pray. 

Im,precate,  to  pray  for  evil  on ;  to  invoke  evil. 

im-De,precate-ed-ing-ion.     unde^ed. 
De,mise,  To  convey  by  will.     Mitto,  to  send,  det  down. 

Ke,mise,  to  give  back,  by  deed ;  to  release. 
De,s'ultory,  Leaping  or  passing  from  topic  to  topic. 

Ke,sult,  to  leap  back ;  to  ensue.     Salio,  to  leap. 

Ke,sult-ed-ing.     De,sultory-ly. 
E,vince,  To  prove  in  a  clear  manner. 

Con,vince,  to  satisfy  the  mind  by  evidence. 

Con,vict,  to  prove  guilty.     Vinco,  to  overcome, 

con-Evince-ed-ible.    Con,vict-ed-ing-ion. 
Epidemic,  A  general  disease  on  the  people. 

En,demic,  a  disease  in  certain  places. 
Ex,ecrate,  To  curse,  or  denounce  evil  against. 

De,s'ecrate,  to  divert  from  a  sacred  purpose. 

Con,secrate,  to  devote  to  a  sacred  purpose.   Sacer,  holy. 

de-con-Ex,ecrate-ed-ing-ion. 
Proli,f  ic,  Producing ;  productive.     Omni,fic, 

producing  all  things.     Facio,  to  make. 
Ke,p'rehend,  To  chide,  reprove  or  blame. 

Re,prehend-ed.     Re,prehen-sive-sion.    frreAsible. 
Suc,cinct,  Brief;  compressed.     Cingo,  to  gird. 

Suc,cinct-ly-ness.     Pre,cinct,  the  limit  or  bounds. 
Ex,trinsic,  External.    Intrinsic,  internal. 


150  ANALYSIS    OF    THE 

Ac,cuse,  To  blame,  or  charge  with  an  offence. 
Ac,cuse-ed-er-ing-ation-atory.     unac^di. 
Ex,cuse,  to  free  from  blame. -ed-ing-able. 
A, vail,  To  effect  the  object.     Valeo,  to  be  strong. 
A,vail-ed-ing-able-ably-ability.    unajng, 
Prevail,  to  overcome.-ed-ing-ingly.    unprejng* 
As, sent,  To  agree  to.     Sentio,  to  think. 
Dissent,  not  to  agree ;  to  disagree. 
As,sent-ed-ing.     Dis,sent-ed-ing-er. 
At,test-ed-ing-or-ation.    unatAed. 

Congest,  to  strive  with.-ed-ing-able. 
Com,plex,  Difficult ;  composed  of  parts. 
Com,ple*-ity-ly-ness.     Plexus,  twisted. 
Per,plex,  to  puzzle  ;  to  confuse. -ed-ing-ity. 
Complete,  To  finish,  or  finished.     Pleo,  to  fill. 
jRe,plete,  full,  or  filled.-ion-ive. 
De,plete,  to  empty.-ed-ing-ion-ory.     mAed. 
De,flect,  To  turn  from  a  right  line.     Flecto,  to  bend 
De,flect-ed-ing-ion.     Ke,flect-ed-ion. 
Tn,flect,  to  bend  in.-ed-ion-ive. 
Ac,quire,  To  obtain  or  gain.     Queer o,  to  seek. 
Ac,quire-ed-ing-ment     Acquisition. 
Re,quire,  to  ask  for ;  to  exact.-ed-ment. 
ln,quire,  to  ask  about.-ed-ing-ingly. 
In,fuse,  To  pour  in ;  to  instill,  as  principles. 
In,fuse-ed-ing-ion-ible-ibility.     united.. 
Con,fuse,  to  blend  things;  to  derange.-ed-ion. 
Pro,fuse,  lavish. -ly-ness-ion. 
Af,fusion,  a  pouring  on.     Ef,fusion,  a  pouring  out. 
Diffuse,  to  pour  out  and  spread. -ion-ive. 
LEARN  the  meaning  of,  Grapho,  Logos,  Metrum  and 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  151 

Bio,g'raphy,  The  history  of  the  life  and  character  of  any 
particular  person.     Grapko,  to  write,  to  describe,  or 
to  engrave.     Bio,  for  bios,  life  ;  hence  the  common 
definer,  The  writing  of,  or  describing,  joined  with 
the  import  of  each  prefix, 
biblio-chrono-cosmo-geo-  1  „ 
hydro-choro-topo-zoo'-    J  Bio.g  raphy-or-ic-jcal. 

Steno,g'raphy,  The  Art  of  writing  short  hand.     The  art  of. 

chiro-ortho-typo.     Steno,g'raphy-er-ic. 
Astro,!' ogy,   The  science   which  teaches  to  judge   of  the 
influence  of  the   stars,  and  foretell  future  events. 
Logos,  a  word  or  discourse,  and  aster,  a  star,  or 
astron,  a  constellation  of  stars.     Hence  the  common 
definer,  The  science  of,  or  the  discoursing  of. 
chrono-cosmo-geo.     Astro,logy-ist. 
chiro-entomo-mytho-pyro-hydro-  1 

osteo-physio-zoo-theo-  \  OniithoJ'ogy-irt. 

Chrono,m'eter,  An  instrument  that  measures  time,  as  a  clock 
or  watch.     Metrum,  a  measure,  and  ckrono,  time. 
Hence  with  each  prefix  the  common  definer  is,  An 
instrument  for  measuring ,  (what  the  prefix  denotes.) 
hydro-helio-pyro-stereo-thermo-Chrono,m'eter. 
Tri,g'on,om'etry,  The  measuring  of  angles.     Geo. 
Homicide,  The  slaying  or  killing  of  one  man  by  another. 
Ccedo,  to  slay  or  kill.    Homo,  a  man.    Hence  each 
prefix  denotes  what  is  slain. 
^  dei-fratri-infanti-matri-parri-  3 

sorori-sui-tyranni-regi-      \  Ho™o,cide. 

*  Dei,  implies  a  god.  Fratri,  a  brother.  Infanti,  an  infant.  Matri, 
a  mother.  Parri,  a  parent.  Regi,  a  king.  Sui,  one's  self.  Sorori,  a 
sister.  Tiranni,  a  tyrant. 


APPENDIX. 

No.  I. 

Origin  of  some  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes. 

THE  greater  part  of  the  prefixes  in  the  English  language,  come  to  us 
from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In  those  languages,  they  are  separable,  or 
inseparable  prepositions.  Very  little  difference  exists  in  their  inde- 
pendent signification,  or  conjunct  influence,  as  used  in  our  language,  or 
in  those  languages  whence  they  are  derived.  Their  extent  of  applica- 
tion gives  them  a  commanding  influence.  Hence  the  importance  of  a 
distinct  understanding  of  all  those  small  words,  so  extensively  inter- 
woven in  the  formation  of  our  derivative  words. 

The  suffixes  are  of  a  more  doubtful  origin ,  yet  their  common  import, 
as  appended  to  words,  can  be  obtained  with  sufficient  precision,  to 
answer  the  more  important  purposes  of  this  work.  Nor  is  it  very 
material  in  this  case,  whether  we  can  or  cannot  decide  unequivocally 
on  their  origin,  provided  we  can  be  satisfied  how  their  application  does 
change,  alter,  or  modify  the  import  of  words,  according  to  established 
usage.  Although  such  inquiry  is  not  necessarily  connected  with  this 
work,  yet  we  will  give  some  general  view,  both  as  to  fact  and  proba- 
bility, of  their  derivations. 

ER.  When  it  signifies  a  .person,  as  in  Lover,  Farmer,  &c.,  IB 
considered  to  be  a  contraction  of  the  Saxon  wer,  which  signifies, 
a  Man.  Hence,  Lover  implies  a  Man,  or  person  who  loves. 

OR.  Is  derived  from  the  Latin.  Er  and  or,  go  far  in  distinguishing 
Saxon  and  Latin  derivations* 

ESS.  Is  probably  of  Hebrew  origin,  yet  many  derivatives  in  or 
from  Latin,  take  ess,  to  distinguish  the  gender,  as  Actor,  Actress, 
generally  dropping  the  Towel  which  precedes  r. 


154  APPENDIX. 

Y.  When  the  final  letter  is  thought  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the 
German  ei9  and  gives  at  least  three  different  senses  to  words. 

1.  It  expresses  a  condition,  as  Slave,  Slaver,  Slavery. 

2.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept,  as  Factor,  Factory, 
Armor,  Armory. 

3.  The  possession  of  something,  as  weal,  wealth,  wealthy. 

LY.  Is  a  contraction  of  like,  derived  from  the  German  « Zzc/t.'  We 
say  either  death4ifce,  or  deathZy.  God-fo'/ce,  or  GodZy,  but  always 
goodZy,  and  always  war-ZtVce. 

TY.  Is  derived  from  Lat.  as  Pietas,  whence  Piety,  Levitas,  Levity, 
Serenitas,  Serenity,  Civilitas. 

FY,  FIT,  FIC.  Have  a, common  origin,  which  is  the  contraction  of 
Facio,  or  Fio,  to  make  or  become.  Fructify  is  a  contraction  of 
Fructus  and  Facio,  to  make  fruitful — Deify,  &c.  Deus  and  Facio. 

ABLE  and  *BLE.  Home  Tooke  thinks  are  taken  from  the  Gothic 
word  6  abal,'  implying  power,  strength,  or  ability. 

JLlle.  and  ible,  are  also  common  in  Latin. 

TIVE.  Is  borrowed  from  the  Lat.  Tivus — as  Navitus,  Native, 
Nominativus,  Nominative,  Genitivus. 

ic.  Is  a  contraction,  as  it  is  thought,  from  the  Greek  ikos,  as 
Kritikos,  Critic.  Some  however  are  from  Lat.  and  French. 

TION,  SIGN.  Are  derived  from  Lat.  and  in  many  instances  differ  in 
signification  very  little  from  '  ing,9  as  in  Education,  or  Educating*. 
When  the  Latin  Supine,  whence  they  are  borrowed,  ends  in  turn,  we 
spell  tion,  but  when  the  Supine  is  sum,  we  spell  sion. 

Lat.    Motum,  Conventum,  Formatum,  Collectum. 

En.     Motion,  Convention,  Formation,  Collection. 

Lat.    Aversum,  Submersum,  Incursum,  Adhesum. 

En.     Aversion,  Submersion,  Incursion,  Adhesion. 

Others  are  formed  from  Lat.  nouns,  by  the  addition  of  n  to  the  nom. 
case,  as  Nalio,  Statio — Nation,  Station. 

ANCE.  1       These  six  terminations  have  evidently  grown  out  of  the 

ENCE.       pres.  part.  nom.  case  of  Lat.  verbs,  because  the  spelling 

ANCY.       of  each,   agrees  with  the  four  conjugations.     The  first, 

ENCY.  J   with  few  exceptions,  has  ance.     The  second  and  third, 

ANT.        ence,  and    the    fourth,  ience.     Lat.  first.  Conj.   Affirm- 

ENT.  J  am,  Accordans,  Circumstons.  En.  Affirmance,  Accord- 
ance, Circumstance. 


APPENDIX.  155 

Second  and  third  conj.  Tenders,  Agens,  Ardens,  Insolvens.  En. 
Tendency,  Agency,  Ardency,  Insolvency. 

Fourth  ronj.  Audieras,  Convemens,  Obediens,  Experiens.  En. 
Audience,  Convenience,  Obedience,  Experience. 

Lat.    Dissonance,  Dependeras,  Delinquews,  Expediens. 
En.    Dissonant,  Dependent,  Delinquent,  Expedient 
This  f&ct,  if  duly  regarded  by  the  classical  scholar,  would  prevent 
any  mistakes  in  spelling  words  of  this  description. 
ME  NT.  }       Are  admitted  to  be  of  French  origin.     Ment,  is  exten- 
AGE.      5  sively  used. 

ATE.  There  is  a  numerous  class  of  words  having  this  termination, 
which  hi  form  exactly  agrees  with  the  Imp.  mode  of  Lat*  verbs  second 
person,  plural,  and  the  Lat.  perf.  part,  vocative  case;  yet  in  significa- 
tion, there  is  little  or  no  analogy.  It  is  now  an  English  termination, 
common  to  words  of  Lat.  derivation,  as  Accelerate,  Obliterate,  Deliber- 
ate, Demonstrate,  Accommodate,  &c. 

D.  In  such  words  as  Multiplicand,  Dividend,  Subtrahend,  Legend, 
Reverend,  &c.  is  evidently  a  contraction,  of  the  Lat.  dus,  or  dum,  as 
Legend!  for  LegenoVs,  &c, 

ABLE.  Is  derived  from  the  Latin  habilis,  and  sometimes  spelled, 
ible. 

EN.  Is  derived  from  the  Saxon  an,  through  the  German,  en,  and 
was  originally  equivalent  to  our  particle  to,  of  the  Infinitive  mode. 
Amongst  the  Saxons,  en  and  n,  were  used  in  common  with  ed,  as  par- 
ticipial terminations,  as  Craven,  Heaven,  Barren,  for  Craved,  Heaved, 
Barrel  ;  both  are  retained  by  established  usage.  We  now  say  given 
instead  of  gived;  or  we  make  use  of  either,  as  Engraven,  or  engraveo1; 
yet  by  far  the  most  numerous  class  of  words  retain  ed  exclusively. 
T  is  often  used  like  en  for  ed,  as  buiU  for  buildec?. 

me.     Is  derived  from  German,  and  implies  possession,  as  Bishopric. 
POM.     Is  from  the  German  thum,  implying  a  collection  of  things. 
ING.    Is  taken  from  the  German  ung. 

LING  and  KIN.  Are  also  borrowed  from  the  German,  and  are  com- 
monly used  as  diminutives,  as  Duckling,  a  little  Duck.  Lamb&in, 
a  little  Lamb. 

HOOD.  Is  also  borrowed  from  German,  as  Boyhood,  Priesthood, 
expressing  a  state  or  condition. 

ISH.     Is  the  substitute  for  the  German,  isch. 


156  APPENDIX. 

SOME.    Probably  may  have  come  from  the  German  sam. 

FUL.    Is  derived  from  the  German  voll. 

LESS.     Is  also  from  the  German  los. 

ED.  While  a  great  portion  of  our  verbs  derived  from  the  Saxon,  are 
very  irregular,  as  drink,  swim,  fling,  &c.,  those  of  Latin  origin  are 
pretty  uniformly  marked  by  the  regular  [addition  of  ed,  to  their  imper- 
fect, and  participle. 

SHIP.  Seems  to  be  borrowed  from  some  word,  implying  to  shape,  or 
do  something,  as  Friendship,  Fellows/itp,  &c. 

NESS.    Is  doubtless  from  the  German  Tim. 

AL.     May  be  considered  of  Latin  origin. 

AR,  and  ORY.     Are  also  derived  from  the  Latin. 

IZE,  IST,  ISM.     Are  of  Greek  derivation. 

URE.     Is  from  the  Latin. 

UDE,  TUBE.     Are  also  from  the  Latin. 

OID.     Is  derived  from  the  Greek,  eidos. 

ous.     Is  taken  from  the  Latin. 

There  can  be  little  doubt,  that  most,  if  not  all,  the  important  termina- 
tions in  our  language,  were  once  significant  words,  or  a  contraction  of 
such  words.  Could  this  be  precisely  ascertained,  it  would  furnish  a 
most  perfect  development  of  the  true  genius  of  our  language. 


No.  II. 

A  FEW  words  analyzed  more  particularly,  which  may  excite  the 
scholar  to  a  further  examination  into  the  structure  of  words  in  general. 
Anniversary,  is  from  annus,  a  year,  and  versus,  a  turning  or  returning. 

Hence  the  import,  returning  with  the  year,  or  a  yearly  celebration. 
Animadvert,  is  from    vertus,  turning,  animus,  the    mind,  .ad,   to. 

Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  &c. 
Apostate,  gr.,  is  Apo,  from  or  off,  and  stas,  standing.    Hence  one  who 

has  departed  from. 

Atmosphere,  gr.     Atmos,  vapor,  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere. 
Alphabet.    The  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha,  beta. 
Agriculture.    Ager  agri,  a  field,  and  cultura,  tillage. 
Apode,  gr.     j3,  privative,  meaning  without,  and  pous,  a  foot.   Whence 

apode  is  without  feet,  like  a  fish.     Po/ypode,  an/ipodes. 


APPENDIX.  157 

Apology,  gr.     Jlpo,  from  or  off,  and  logos,  a  word.    Hence  excusing. 
Blaspheme,  gr.     Blax,  nefarious  or  impious,  and  phemi,  to  speak. 
Conjugal.     Con,  with  or  together,  and  jugum,  a  yoke,  meaning  yoked 

together,  or  married. 

Constant,   distant,  circumstance.     Con,  means  together  or  with,  di, 
separated  or  apart,  and  circum,  around.     Stans,  is  standing  ; 
whence  constant,  is  standing  together,  or  fixed,  firm,  steady,  &c. 
Distant,  standing  apart  ;  whence  it  implies  remote,  reserved,  &c. 
So  good  circumstances  is  being  surrounded  by  every  thing  needful. 
Consequences,  subsequent.     Con,  with,  sub,  under  or  after.     Sequens, 
following.     Then,  consequences  are  what  follow    in   connection 
with,  but  si^sequent  is  what  follows  after. 
Cataract,  gr.     Kata,  against,  and  rasso,  to  dash. 
Confident,  diffident,  infidel,  and  perfidy,  all  from^cfes  orfidens,  mean- 
ing faith,  trust,  &c.,  modified  by  the  prefixes,  con,  dif,  in,  and  per. 
Concomitant,  is  from  comes,  a  companion,  and  comes  is  from  COTI  and 
co,  to  go  with;  con,  repeated,  implies  a  repetition  of  meaning,  as 
going  and  coming  together,  or  a  continued  union. 
Disease.     From  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 
Dismal.     Mains,  evil,  dies,  day,  hence  dire,  horrid,  gloomy. 
Despise.     Specio,  to  look,  de,  down,  as  with  contempt. 
Decapolis.     Deca,  ten,  polis,  a  city. 

Desultory,  insult,  exult,  result.     De,  down  or  from,  in,  in  or  on, 
ex,  out,  re,  again  or  back,  and  salio,  to  leap.     Then  desultory,  is 
leaping  or  passing  abruptly  from  one  subject  to  another.     Insult, 
leaping  on,  or  gross  abuse.     JEomlt,  leaping  out,  or  excessive  joy  ; 
and  result,  leaping  back,  or  a  consequence  following. 
Devious,  previous,  pervious.     De,  from,  via,  the  way;   whence,  out 
of  the  way,  wandering.     So  pre,  before,  and  per,  by  or  through, 
give  the  different  imports. 
Divide.     From  the  obsolete  word,  viduo,  to  separate,  di,  apart.    Then 

individual  is  one  undivided  person  or  thing. 

Disaster.     Dis,  separation,  astron,  from  his  star.     The  ancients  sup- 
posed the  star  under  which  a  person  was  born  governed  his  desti- 
ny ;  hence,  disaster  comes  to  mean  ill-luck,  misfortune. 
Democrat,  gr.     Demos,  the  people,  and  Kratos,  power  ;   whence  a 
popular  government. 
14 


158  APPENDIX. 

Discrepancy.  Crepo,  to  crackle  or  jingle,  dis,  asunder  ;  hence  the  im- 
port, disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling  asunder. 

Expedite.     Ex,  and  pes  pedis,  a  foot.     To  facilitate,  &c. 

Epilepsy,  gr.     Epi,  upon,  and  lambano,  to  leap,  as  a  fit. 

Equivocate.  Equus,  alike  or  equal,  and  vocatus,  called  ;  whence  the 
meaning  becomes  doubtful,  uncertain. 

Evidence.     Video,  to  see  or  discover,  e,  out,  or  elucidate. 

Epidemic,  gr.     Epi,  upon,  Demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  affluent,  superfluous,  and  influence,  are  all  from  fiuo,  to  flow, 
modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography,  gr.     Ge,  the  earth,  and  grapho,  to  write. 

Geometry,  gr.     Ge  and  metreo,  to  measure. 

Infant.  -For,  to  speak,  makes  fans,  speaking  ;  in  means  not,  then  an 
infant,  is  one  not  able  to  speak  or  use  language. 

Metropolis,  gr.     Meter,  a  mother,  and  polls,  a  city. 

Monotony,  gr.     Monos,  one  or  alone,  and  tonos,  a  tone  or  sound. 

Manage.     Manus,  the  hand,  and  age,  from  ago,  to  do. 

Monopolize,  gr.     Monos,  alone,  and^o/eo,  to  buy. 

Monarch,  gr.     Monos  and  archos,  a  chief. 

Mancipate,  to  enslave.    Manus,  the  hand,  and  capio,  to  take. 

Orb,  from  or  bis,  a  spherical  body  ;  orbit,  the  curve  line  in  which  it 
moves.  Then  exorbitant,  is  departing  from  the  usual  track  or 
course. 

Order,  from  ordo,  makes  extraordinary. 

Prophet,  gr.     Pro,  before,  and  phemi,  to  speak. 

Period,  gr.  Peri,  around,  and  odos,  a  way  or  road.  Then  a  periodi- 
cal, is  what  goes  the  rounds  at  stated  times. 

Providence.     Pro,  and  videns,  seeing  before. 

Peregrinate.  Ager,  agri,  a  field,  and  hence  peregrinate,  to  travel 
through  the  country. 

Pennsylvania.     Penn,  the  name  of  the  founder,  and  sylva,  a  wood. 

Pedagogue,  gr.     Pais,  a  child,  and  agogos,  a  leader. 

Preposterous.  Posterus,  from  post,  after,  and  pre,  before  ;  hence,  it 
means  putting  that  first  which  should  be  last,  or  absurd. 

Repugnant.    Pugnans,  fighting,  re,  back  ;  or  opposite,  contrary. 

Roborant,  strengthening,  from  robur,  oak  of  the  hardest  kind,  and  cor 
for  eon,  makes  corroborate,  to  confirm. 


APPENDIX.  159 

Sympathy,  gr.  Syn,  for  sun,  means  with,  and  pathos,  suffering,  then 
it  means  suffering  with,  or  fellow  feeling.  Apathy,  without  feel- 
ing. JL wfa'pathy,  opposition  of  feelings. 

Synod,  gr,     Syn,  for  sun,  and  odos,  a  way  or  road. 

Synopsis,  gr.     Syn  and  opsis,  the  sight  ;  whence  one  view. 

Supercilious.     Super,  above,  cilium,  the  eye-brow,  or  haughty. 

Sincere.     Sine,  without,  cera,  wax  ;  whence,  unmixed,  pure. 

Universe.      Versus,  a  turning,  unus,  into  one  ;  a  collective  whole. 

Vague.     Vagus,  wandering,  extra,  beyond,  making  eatfra-vagant. 


No.  III. 

IMPORTANCE  of  knowing  Latin  words,  or  of  understanding  that 
language. 

From  the  vast  number  of  Latin  words  which  have  either  in  whole  or 
in  parts  become  incorporated  with  the  English  language,  much  benefit 
is  derived  from  a  knowledge  of  their  primitive  import.  In  most  cases 
they  give  that  turn  to  the  English  signification,  which  accords  with  their 
original  meaning.  Hence,  the  primary  signification  of  such  Latin  roots 
as  are  extensively  involved  in  the  composition  of  our  language,  must 
necessarily  furnish  an  important  auxiliary  in  determining  the  true  im- 
port of  all  such  English  words. 

For  instance,  the  verb/acio,  with  its  supine  factum,  whose  simple 
primitive  meaning  is  to  do,  to  make,  or  to  cause,  enters  in  some  form 
into  the  composition  of  more  than  500  of  our  English  words  ;  and  in  ev- 
ery case  imparts  more  or  less  of  its  original  signification.  A  knowledge, 
therefore,  of  the  meaning  of  that  verb  and  its  supine,  with  the  ability  to 
distinguish  its  combination  in  any  word,  must  of  necessity  aid  the  schol- 
ar in  a  more  perfect  comprehension  of  the  true  import  of  all  English 
words,  of  which  this  is  a  component  part. 

This  is  a  consideration  fully  equivalent  for  learning  the  primitive 
meaning  of  facio,  factum.  The  same  is  true  to  a  very  great  extent  in  a 
vast  multitude  of  Latin  primitives.  Much  would  be  gained  by  commit- 
ting Latin  primitives  as  they  occur. 

Words  of  Greek  origin,  while  they  furnish  a  fruitful  source  of  deriva- 
tion, are  by  no  means  as  numerous  or  important  as  those  of  Latin. 


160  APPENDIX. 

We  will  subjoin  a  few  of  the  most  prominent  words  in  Greek  and 
Latin,  with  something  near  the  number  of  their  several  combinations  in 
the  formation  of  English  words,  viz  : 

Facio,  Factum,  500  ;  Pono,  Positum,  250  ;  Plico,  200  ;  Fero,  La- 
tum,  198  ;  Specie  177  ;  Mitto,  Missum,  174  ;  Teneo,  Tentum,  168  ; 
Capio,  Captum,  197  ;  Tendo,  Tensum,  Tentum,  162  ;  Duco,  Ductum, 
156  ;  Logos,  gr.  156  ;  Grapho,  gr.  152.  These  twelve  words  enter  in 
some  shape  into  the  composition  of  nearly  2500  English  words. 

From  154  Greek  and  Latin  primitives  which  have  been  examinedj  in 
reference  to  this  point,  it  is  found  that  not  far  from  13,000  English 
words  receive  more  or  less  of  their  component  parts,  characterizing  the 
English  signification  to  a  greater  or  less  extent. 


No.  IV. 

A  few  Greek  compounds  analysed. 

Astronomy  is  composed  of  nomos,  a  law,  and  astron,  a  star. 
Analysis  is  composed  oflusis,  a  loosing,  ana,  again. 
Antipode  is  composed  of  anti,  opposite  to,  pous,  a  foot. 
Anatomy  is  composed  of  tome,  cutting,  ana,  through. 
Chronology  :  logos,  a  word  or  discourse,  chronos,  time. 
Democracy  :  kratos,  the  power,  demos,  the  people. 
Euphony  :  eu,  good  or  agreeable,  phone,  sound. 
Epitaph  :  epi,  upon,  taphos,  a  tomb. 
Geography  :  grapho,  describing,  ge,  the  Earth. 
Monarch  :  arche,  a  chief,  monos,  alone. 
Oxygen  :  gennao,  to  produce,  oxus,  acid. 
Philanthropy  :  philos,  a  lover,  anthropos,  of  man. 
Polytechnics  :  poly,  many,  techne,  Art. 
Phrenology  :  logos,  a  discoursing,  phren,  the  mind. 
Syllable  :  lambano,  taken,  sun,  together. 
Synthesis  :  tithe-mi,  to  put  or  place,  sun,  together. 
Sympathy  :  pathos,  feeling  or  suffering,  sun,  with. 
Thermometer :  metron,  a  measure,  and  thermos,  warmth. 
Telescope  :  skopeo,  to  spy,  telos,  the  end. 
Epidemic  :  epi,  upon,  demos,  the  people. 
Orthography  :  grapho,  writing,  orthos,  right. 


APPENDIX.  161 

Apogee :  apo,  from,  ge,  the  Earth. 

Aphelion  :  a,  from  helios,  the  sun. 

Hydraulics  :  hudor,  water,  and  aulus,  a  pipe.- 

Hydrophobia  :  phobeo,  fear,  hudor,  water. 

Polyglot :  poly,  many,  glotta,  tongue  or  language. 

Asteroid  :  eidos,  like,  astron,  a  star. 

Archipelago  :  arche,  chief,  pelagos,  sea. 

Amphibious  :  amphi,  about  or  both,  bios,  life. 

Prognostic  :  gnoo,  to  know,  pro,  before. 

Diagonal  :  dia,  through,  gonia,  the  angle. 

Trigonometry  :  metreo,  to  measure,  treis,  three,  gonia,  angles. 

Isosceles  :  isos,  equal,  skelos,  legs. 

Apostacy  :  istemi,  to  stand,  apo,  from . 

Rhinoceros  :  keras,  a  horn,  rhin,  nose. 

Autocrat :  kratos,  power,  autos,  one's  self. 

Monk  :  monos,  one  alone. 

Polynesia :  polus,  many,  and  nesos,  an  isle. 


No.  V. 
GENERAL  AND  SPECIAL  RULES 

FOR 

PRONOUNCING  THE  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE, 

Deduced  from  the  composition  of  the  words  themselves,  and  in  most  cases,  giving 
an  infallible  Rule  by  which  to  determine  on  what  syllable  the  MAIN  accent 
should  fall.  This  point  being  settled,  the  places  of  the  semi-accents  cannot  be 
mistaken. 


EXPLANATIONS. 

By  the  root  of  a  word,  we  mean  that  part  which  belongs  exclusively 
to  the  primitive  form,  and  is  not  combined  with  any  other  word,  sylla- 
ble, or  letter  ;  as  press. 

By  a  separable  prefix,  we  mean  that  part  which  may  be  taken  from 
the  primitive  root,  and  leave  a  significant  English  word  ;  as  from 
impress,  im  may  be  thus  taken. 


162  APPENDIX. 

By  an  inseperable  prefix,  is  meant,  such  combination  of  a  word,  syl- 
lable, or  letter,  with  the  root,  that  as  an  English  word,  a  separation  of 
the  parts  would  destroy  the  English  signification  of  both  ;  as  depute, 
which,  in  Latin,  is  composed  of  de,  and  puto,  but  in  English  they  may 
not  be  separated. 

The  classical  scholar  will  readily  distinguish  what  are  prefixes,  at 
sight  ;  and  the  English  scholar,  by  a  little  attention,  can  do  the  same. 
Penult,  means  the  last  syllable  but  one. 
Antepenult,  is  the  last  syllable  but  two. 

It  is  believed  that  the  following  Rules  will  not  only  contribute  to 
uniformity  in  pronunciation,  but  aid  in  settling  the  disputed  accent  of 
many  words. 

I.  General  Rule.  Words  of  two  syllables,  the  first  of  which  is  a 
separable,  or  inseparable  prefix,  commonly  take  the  accent  on  the 
second :  as  de-b'ase,  pro-claim  ;  but  if  the  first  syllable  partakes  of 
the  root,  the  accent  generally  falls  on  the  first  ;  as  u'r-gent,  t'al-ent* 

NOTE. — This  rule  has  an  extensive  application,  and  the  main  exceptions  a»e 
found  in  those  words  which  may  be  used  either  as  nouns  or  verbs.  When  used 
as  nouns,  the  accent,  in  most  cases,  rests  on  the  first  syllable  5  as,  an  e'x-tract, 
his  c'on-duct;  but  when  used  as  verbs,  the  accent  commonly  falls  on  the  second-, 
as,  to  ex-tr'act,  to  con-d'uct. 

1st  Rule.     All  words  of  one  syllable,  becoming  words  of  two  sylla- 
bles, by  adding  the  following  single  suffixes,  as  seen  italicised  in  the 
examples,  invariably  retain  the  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz: 
art-ist  fear-ful  just-zee  serv-ant 

boy-hood  form-al  learn-eo*  solv-ent 

clear-ance  fool-ish  mass-ive  tru-zsm 

class-ic  frai\-ty  peer-age  town-ship 

duke-rfom  farm-er  pomp-ows  tire-sowe 

drunk-arc?  flux-iora  pave-ment  team-ster 

dark-era  good-wess  press-wre  walk-ing 

beast-Zi/  hope-Zess  penn-afe 

2d  Rule.    All  words  of  one  syllable,  becoming  words  of  three  or 
four  syllables,  by  the  addition  of  the  following  combined  suffixes,  as 
italicised,  always  retain  the  main  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz  : 
act-ively  faith-fulness          just-ify  shame-lessness 

act-uate  fals-ifiable  \earn-edly  shagg-edness 

act-iveness  fawn-ingly  \ove-liness  scar-ifying 


A  PP  EN  DIX  , 


163 


brut-alize  fix-edness  loath-someness  sweet-ening 

cure-lessly  fault-%  loue-somely  sens-itively 

clown-ishly  fat-alism  lax-ative  san-ativeness 

chi\d-ishness  form-alist  pay-able  sens~ibly 

charm-ingness  fruit-ery  rjeace-ably  teud-ency 

class-ically  \\ard-ened  pomp-ously  verb-ally 

change-ableness  joy-fully  pomp-owswm  dust-mess 

3d  Rule.  All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ability, 
ibility,  ical,  ity  or  ety,  have  the  main  accent,  invariably,  on  the 
antepenult  ;  as  sensibility,  economical,  curiosity. 

NOTE. — When  two  vowels  come  together  in  words  ending  in  ity,  the  one 
under  accent  is  always  long,  as  De'ity.  \fone  consonant  intervene,  all  are  short 
except  u;  as  1'evity.  If  two  consonants  intervene,  u  is  short  ;  as  cu'rvity. 

4th  Rule.  All  that  numerous  class  of  words  consisting  of  no  more 
than  three  syllables,  the  last  letter  of  which  is  y,  not  preceded  by  a 
vowel,  as  in  attorney,  nor  mute  e  before  ly,  as  in  profusely,  are  very 
uniformly  accented  on  the  first  syllable,  asfexlony,  a'rtery. 

5th  Rule.  All  words  ending  in  tion,  sion,  ion,  cious,  tious,  ciate, 
tiate,  cient,  tient,  tial,  tia,  cian,  cial,  cia,  ceous,  geous,  gious,  andgeon, 
when  pronounced  in  one  syllable,  invariably  take  the  main  accent  on 
the  syllable  preceding  those  terminations  ;  as  confederation.  Nothing 
but  ity  after  al,  in  words  in  ion,  ever  removes  the  accent ;  as  na'tion, 
national ,  nationality. 

NOTE. — When  the  above  terminations  are  preceded  by  a  vowel,  it  is  very 
uniformly  long}  as -loqua'cious,  unless  it  be  z,  which  is  as  uniformly  short  ;  as 
ambition. 

6th  Rule. — All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  having  the  following 
terminations,  viz.  cracy,  gamy,  graphy,  logy,  machy,  metry,  nomy, 
phony,  pathy,  tomy,  thropy,  lysis,  ferous,  gerous,  vorous,  always  take 
the  accent  on  the  antepenult,  as  : 

ana'tomy  geo'graphy  theoxlogy  armrgerous 

antipathy  democracy  polyxgamy  pestixferous 

astroxnomy  geoxmetry  philanthropy  carnixvorous 

analysis  theoxmachy  symxphony 

NOTE. — No  change  in  the  above  terminations,  as  astronomy  into  astronomer, 
&c.$  nor  any  addition  of  prefixes  or  suffixes,  except  cian,  ial,  and  ic,  ever 
changes  Ihe  place  of  accent. 


164  APPENDIX. 

7th  Rule.  All  words  ending  in  ics,  (politics  excepted,)  are  accented 
on  the  penult  ;  as  op'tics,  mechanics. 

8th  Rule.  Words  ending  in  ic  when  a  suffix,  and  with  few  excep- 
tions when  otherwise,  are  accented  on  the  penult  ;  as  dram'atic, 
alphabetic. 

NOTE. — The  suffix  ic,  when  added  to  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  always 
changes  the  place  of  accent-,  as  m'ethod,  meth'odic;  except  in  six  cases,  as 
ch'oleric. 

9th  Rule.  All  words  of  two  syllables,  ending  in  le,  including  no 
other  vowel  in  the  same  syllable,  are  always  accented  on  the  first,  as 
c'ircle ;  but  if  the  word  consist  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  accent, 
with  few  exceptions,  falls  on  the  antepenult;  as  a'rticle. 

NOTE. — The  suffixes  able  and  ible  never  fall  under  this  rule,  except  the  word 
a'-ble.  Words  of  two  syllables  frequently  add  r,  as  c'obbler;  but  never  change 
the  accent. 

10th  Rule.  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ate,  with  a 
single  consonant  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  ate, 
(including  cr  and  tr,)  or  with  no  consonant  intervening,  take  the 
accent  on  the  antepenult;  as  fab-ri-cate,  re-t'al-i-ate,  c'on-se-crate. 
But  if  two  consonants,  other  than  cr  and  tr  intervene,  the  accent  is  on 
the  penult;  as  in-c'ar-nate. 

NOTE. — The  exceptions  are,  magistrate,  1'egislate,  p'otentate,  p'eregrinate, 
and  a  few  words  always  known  by  the  doubling  of  I. 

REMARK.  This  is  evidence  that  contemplate,  compensate,  and 
such  words  of  disputed  accent,  should  come  under  the  rule  of  double 
consonants.  Words  in  ate  often  drop  e,  and  take  ion,  adding  a  sylla- 
ble, and  changing  the  accent;  as  e'm-u-late,  em-u-1'a-tion.  Rule  5. 

llth  Rule.  Words  in  ment  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  the 
penult  in  ize,  uh,  or  a  vowel,  take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult,  as 
banishment;  but  if  the  penult  end  with  a  consonant,  mute  e,  or  a 
dipthong,  the  accent  rests  on  the  penult,  as  department,  confinement, 
enj'oyment. 

NOTE. — The  exceptions  are  but  few,  and  easily  distinguished.  Al,  ary,  and 
ative,  always  bring  the  accent  to  ment,  as  a'liment,  al-ary,  argument. 

12th  Rule.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  able,  ible,  ably,  ibly, 
and  all  words  of  four  syllables,  in  ableness,  ibleness,  are  accented  on 
the  first,  as  m'ovable,  bl'amableness. 

13th  Rule.  All  words  in  tive,  preceded  by  a  single  consonant,  mp 
or  nc,  and  all  words  in  ive,  preceded  by  s  or  c,  (except  substantive 


APPENDIX.  165 

and  adjective,)  are  accented  on  the  penult;  as  illusive,  retentive, 
comprehensive. 

14th  Rule.     All  words  of  three  syllables  in  ary  and  ory,  Cexcept 
can'ary  and  vagary,)  ar  accented  on  the  first,  as  s'alary,  m'emory. 
NOTE. — Canary  and  vagary  ought  not  to  be  exceptions. 

15th  Rule.  Jill  words  in  ary  and  ory ,  preceded  by  s,  or  in  which 
tary  and  tory  are  preceded  by  p  or  c,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult; 
as  persu'asory,  peremptory.  The  only  exceptions  are  adversary, 
with  five  others,  doubling  s;  as  promissory.  But  all  other  words  of 
four  syllables  only,  in  this  class,  are  accented  on  the  first,  as  m'onitory. 

II.  General  Rule.  Two  methods  for  finding  the  accented  syllable 
in  all  words  of  more  than  three  syllables,  in  ive  or  able,  and  of  more 
than  four  in  ary  and  ory.  1st.  The  accent,  very  uniformly,  rests  on 
the  first  syllable  of  the  root,  as  conformable.  If  a  single  letter  of  the 
root  unites  with  a  prefix,  or  that  letter  is  doubled  for  euphony,  it  usually 
carries  the  accent;  as  pr'edicable.  2d.  When  the  words  of  these  ter- 
minations are  accurately  divided  into  their  proper  syllables,  according 
to  the  established  rules  of  syllabication,  the  accent,  with  very  few  ex- 
ceptions, falls  on  the  first  syllable  ending  with  a  consonant,  and  preced- 
ing those  terminations,  as  cot'ernporary. 

NOTE.— Nearly  all  the  exceptions  to  this  second  method  are  words  in  which 
the  antepenult  syllable  ends  in  on,  or,  it,  er,  or  merit;  as  p'ardonable,  h'abitable, 
confederative,  ^c. 

16th  Rule.  All  words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  fy,  invariably 
take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult ;  as  gl'orify,  pers'onify. 

17th  Rule.  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  ous,  having  a  sin- 
gle consonant  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  ous,  or 
with  720  consonant  intervening,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult;  as  par- 
sirn'onious.  But  if  two  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  is  on  the 
penult ;  as  tremendous. 

NOTE. — The  exceptions  do  not  exceed  twelve  words,  two  of  which,  can'orous 
and  son'orous,  ought  not  to  be  included. 

18th  Rule.  As,  es,  is  or  os,  preceding  ent  or  ence,  as  the  last  sylla- 
ble, are  always  under  accent;  as  convalescent. 

19th  Rule.  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  ant,  ent,  ance,  and 
ence,  when  a  single  consonant  comes  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult 
syllable  and  the  vowel  in  the  final  syllable,  or  when  no  consonant  inter- 
venes, are  accented  on  the  antepenult,  as  equivalent;  but  if  two  con- 


166  APPENDIX. 

sonants  intervene,  or  the  final  syllable  or  penult  contains  a  dipthong,  the 
accent  falls  on  the  penult ;  as  refulgent,  achi'evance,  convenient. 

NOTE. — The  exceptions  in  this  numerous  class  of  words  are  but  few.  Under 
\hefirst  clause  of  the  rule,  they  may  commonly  be  known  by  u,  v,  r,  or  »,  before 
ant  or  ent ;  and  in  the  second  clause  by  s,  *£,  or  II,  before  ant  or  ent.  Al  and  ial 
always  bring  the  accent  to  ent ;  as  p'arent,  par'ental,  consequent,  consequential. 

REMARK.  Most  words  in  cy  are  derived  from  those  ending  in  ant, 
ent,  ance,  ence,  or  ate,  by  dropping  t  and  e  final,  and  adding  y  or  cy; 
as  u'rgent,  urgency,  delicate,  d'elicacy.  Cy  always  adds  a  syllable, 
but  never  changes  the  accent. 

III.  General  Rule.  Words  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  last  two 
letters  of  which  are  al,  an,  ar,  or  um,  having  but  one  consonant  (and 
oftentimes  none)  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  those 
terminations,  are  very  generally  accented  on  the  antepenult,  as  ma-t'e- 
ri-al;  but  if  two  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  commonly  falls  on 
the  penult;  as  di'urnal. 

NOTE. — The  terminations  orial  and  lar  uniformly  accent  the  antepenult  The 
tnain  exceptions  to  the  rule  are,  when  v,  s,  or  e  precede  those  terminations,  when 
it  usually  falls  on  the  penult ;  as  id'eal. 

20th  Rule.  Words  of  three  syllables  in  ize,  ist,  ism,  are  uniformly 
accented  on  the  first;  as  1'egalize.  But  if  the  word  consist  of  four  or 
more  syllables,  the  accent,  with  very  few  exceptions,  is  on  the  pre- 
antepenult;  as  particularize,  presbyt'eiianism. 

NOTE. — The  exceptions  are  among  such  words  as  have  prefixes;  as  ext'empo- 
rize,  mon'opolize,  marking  the  root  by  accent. 

21st  Rule.  Words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  ude,  are  accented 
on  the  antepenult;  as  latitude,  decrepitude. 

22d  Rule.  Words  of  three  syllables,  the  first  two  of  which  are 
prefixes,  and  words  ending  in  ade,  are  very  uniformly  accented  on  the 
last;  as  intercede,  lemon'ade. 

23d  Rule.  Words  ending  in  ure,  with  few  exceptions,  take  the 
accent  on  the  first  syllable  of  the  root;  as  figure,  literature;  pro-c'me, 
eft-cl'osure. 

OBSERVATION.  After  the  place  of  accent  has  been  found  in  the 
several  classes  of  words,  according  to  the  above  Rules,  thousands  of 
other  words  are,  by  prefixes  and  suffixes,  afterwards  formed  from  them. 
The  accent,  however,  as  first  found,  is  seldom  changed  by  any  suf- 
fixes subsequently  added,  except  by  such  as  come  under  Special  Rules. 


APPENDIX. 


167 


For  a  single  example  of  this,  take  a  word  in  ate,  coming  under  Rule 
10,  as  : 

Communicate,  ed,  ing,  ble,  bleness,  ive,  ively,  iveness,  ory,  ion, 
bility.  Here  the  accent  remains  unchanged,  till  ion  and  bility  are 
added,  when  it  is  removed,  as  per  Rules  5th  and  3d. 

In  a  few  instances,  the  adding  of  a  prefix  or  suffix  throws  back  the 
first  letter  of  the  root  to  the  prefix,  and  with  it  the  accent;  as  pr'o-bate, 
r'ep-ro-bate,  pre-fer,  pr'ef-er-ence.  No  suffixes  move  the  accent  after 
fixed  by  ic  or  ous  ;  as  dr'a-ma,  dra-m'at-ic,  al,  ally,  m'el-o-dy,  me-l'o- 
di-ous,  ously,  ousness. 


DATE 


AN  INITIAL  PINE  OF  25  CENTS 

BEASSESSED 


OVERDUE. 

iv.Art    2    1938 


LD  21-95W-7/37 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


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From  the  numerous  recommendations  of  this  work,  we  select  the  following  : 

From  the.  Boston  Journal. 

WELD'S  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR.  2d  edition.     Asa  friend  of  Education,  and  without  any 
interest  in  the  sate  of  the  work,  I  wish  simply  to  invite  attention  to  the  treatise.    Who- 
ever  examines  it,  will  detect  in  it,  marks  of  an  original  thinker  and  of  a  skillful  teacher. 
The  method  b  strictly  inductive ;  and  as  a  model  of  teaching,  rs  one  of  the  best  specimens  I 
in  our  language.    It  is  calculated  to  do  in  Grammar,  what  Colburn's  works  have  done  in  ' 
Arithmetic.     The  author  is  himself  pre-eminen;  acher,  ! 

and  has  adopted  in  this  English  Gramma ; 
and  Reader,"  a  work  which  has  been  very  exter 
cal  schools. 

From  Rev.  S.  H.  Shepley,  Principal  of  North.  ~Yar* 
Messrs.  SANBORN  &  CARTER, — Gentlemen  : — Weic 
have  just  published,  (2d  edition)  more  than  meets  my  p 

boars  the  distinct  impress  of  its  studious  author's  method  of  teaching^  Commencing 
with  simple  elements,  it  guides  the  interested  !••  K-nca!  an  "analytical  pro- 

cesses  into  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  science, 
ers  have  pursued  similar  methods  of  instruction  \r\practice.    In  th- 
performing  for  schools  at  large,  especially  for  common  school  . 
would  perform  for  a 

thod  here  unfoUled,  I  am  free  to  say.  that  in  my  jdttgment,  the  study 
would  become  far  less  tedious  than  it  htas  i 

From  Henry  B.  Mo.. 

Chairman 

Messrs.  SANEOUN  &  CARTER, — In  <ny 
a  am  rnar  m*\v 

.nstimte  a  fo, 
these  cannot  fail  to  render 

'he  attfBtioM 


teach- 

t,hor  is  i 


From  the  S  nr>l  Commit;  •• 

The  superintend  in 

to  declare  their  conviction  that  t! 
n  the  mode  of  studying  the  English  Langnase; 
i  with  which  we  are  acquainted,  it  is  suned  t-> 
all  that  is  desirable  in  Grammar^ 
ii  the  snme  time,  urtn 
new  terms  where  the  old  are  as  good  as  those  for  which  they  m 

the  aid  of  this  Grammar,  the  teacher  must  he  i, 
to  pupils  more  than  a  mechanical  knowledge  of  the  elou 
tongue. 

From  the  Christian  Mirror. 

It  seems  impossible  that  a  pupil  should  be  taken  the; 
e  of  even  an  ordinary  teicher,  without  acqnirh 
h  language;  for  this,  with  . 
.fattaimnenis. 
.;r,g  manner,  ;i 


of  our  mother 


;  fail 

to  do. 

Botcdoin  College. 

MR.  A.  H. 

have 

I  could  reserve  from  pressing  calls,  I 
fd  with  it. 

As  my  studs.- 

iniU  to  pronounce 

upon  ^vich  w< 

it  1  regard 

your 

calculated 

to  facilitate  t: 

' 

L=si_ 

THOMAS  C.  UPHAM. 

